albrt afienstfien afDuink smyN df
iek jgq-priswD BOqk-ivigafnI hoieaf hY. Auh ivigafnk
anuBvI sI. Aus dy ivcfrF ny ‘BOqk’ aqy,
‘spys (sQfn, KLlf) qy smF’ dy isDFqF
‘qy ienklfbI asr pfieaf. ieh ivigafnI afpxI
‘rYilitivtI iQAurI’ (sfpyKvfd/prspr sbMD dy
isDFq) kr ky sMsfr priswD hY. ies isDFq ny ieh iswD
kIqf ik koeI vI pdfrQk cIjL rosLnI dI gqI ijMnI qyjL
cfl nhIN cwl skdI.
ies vigafnI df jnm 14 mfrc 1879
nUM jrmnI dysL ivc vrtYmbrg dy ‘Aulm’ asQfn
‘qy hoieaf. Aus dI muwZlI pVHfeI dwsdI hY ik Auh
iek drimafny drjy df ividafrQI sI. Aus smyN, Aus ivc
koeI KLfs gux njLr nhIN afieaf. afienstfien ny 15 sfl
dI Aumr ivc skUl dI pVHfeI Cwz idwqI. Aus ny kflj ivc
dfKLlf lYx leI aYNtrYNs dI prIiKaf idwqI prMqU PLyl
ho igaf. ies AuprMq Aus ny iPr iqafrI kIqI aqy pfs ho
igaf. kflj dIaF klfsF ivc Auh Gwt hI jFdf sI. mfstrjL
izgrI dI iqafrI afpxy-afp krdf sI. sMn 1901 ivc Aus
ny XUnIvristI dI pVHfeI vI Cwz idwqI. Auh akfdmk drjf
prfpq nf kr sikaf. Auh afjLfd qbIaq df afdmI sI.
proPLYsrF nfl Aus dI bxdI nhIN sI. ieh iek kfrn sI ik
koeI proPLYsr Aus dI sPLfrsL krn nUM iqafr nhIN huMdf
sI.
afienstfien prfeIvyt qOr ‘qy
BOqk pVHfAux lwg ipaf. ies prfeIvyt nOkrI dOrfn
aiDafpkF dI iqkVI: afienstfien, mOirs sulovfien aqy
konfrz hYibsL afQx dy Kfxy mOky iekwTy huMdy sn aqy
BOqk, iPLlfsPLI aqy gixq dy ivisLaF ’qy gwl-bfq
krdy sn. sLOk nfl ieh aiDafpk ies imlxI nUM
‘AuilMpIaf akYzmI’ kih ky pukfrdy sn. ieh
akfdmI BfvyN QoVf smF hI kfiem rhI pr ieh iqMny
aiDafpk ijLMdgI Br iek dUsry dy imwqr bxy rhy.
sMn 1902 ivc afienstfien nUM
sivtjLrlYNz ivc ‘brn’ ivKy Puwl-tfiem nOkrI
iml geI. AuWQy Auh 1909 qwk irhf. eysy asQfn ‘qy
afienstfien dI pRiqBf ny cmkfrf idKfieaf. sMn 1905
ivc Aus ny ieko sfl ivc BOqk ivsLy ‘qy pMj prcy:
brfAunIan1 mosLn (gqI/cfl); rYilitivtI (sfpyKvfd/prspr
sbMD); Potn iQAurI afPL lfeIt (PLoto-ibjlI dy pirxfm
df isDFq); mYs (mfqrf) aqy aYnrjI (AUrjf) dI qulnf;
mflIkIAUlr (axU/axfvI) dy sfiejL aqy ayYvogfdro2 dy
nMbr (grfm-mflIikAUl vjLn) df inrnf krn dy nvyN ZMg
ilKy. iehnF pricaF dI bhuq crcf hoeI.
afienstfien nUM gixq df ivsLf
cMgf nhIN lgdf sI. Aus ny Auprokq prcy nvIn qrIky nfl
ilKy. Aus df ilKx-ZMg dUjy BOqk vigafnIaF nfloN vwKrf
sI. Aus ny iehnF pricaF ivc gixq dy hvfly Gwt hI
idwqy. eyQoN qwk ik Aus ny ‘ryilitivtI
isDFq’ dy prcy ivc gixq df koeI hvflf nhIN idwqf.
gixq vwl iKwc Gwt hox dy bfvjUd Aus ny afpxIaF
muZlIaF KojF ivc inpuMn kfmXfbI hfsl kIqI. iPr vI kuJ
sfl lMGx ipwCoN Aus ny mihsUs kIqf ik Aus nUM gixq dI
bhuq loV hY.
afienstfien iek icMqnsLIl
ivigafnI sI. Aus dI soc ivc klpnf leI pihl sI. Aus dI
ieh ivDI smkflIn BOqk-ivigafnIaF nfl myl nhIN krdI sI.
Auh ivcfr-prXogI sI. Aus df kQn sI, “klpnf igafn
nfloN ijLafdf mhwqvpUrn hY”. Aus df iKLafl sI ik
cMgf isDFq-sLfsqrI hmysLf bMd peI (KVHI) GVI dI guMJl
KLolHdf hY. Auh GVI dIaF sUeIaF qurdIaF dyKdf hY. GVI
dI itk-itk suxdf hY. GVI dI XMqr-ivDI ny amlI qwQ
dyxy hn. isDFq-sLfsqrI df kMm hY ik Auh ies XMqr-ivDI
dI klpnf rfhIN zUMGI Koj kry. ieh XMqr-ivDI prqwK
igafn pYdf krygI.
afienstfien dI mjLhb bfry mfnqf
afpxI iksm dI soc sI aqy ies pRqI Auh afpxf iek vwKrf
idRsLtIkon rwKdf sI. Aus ny mjLhb bfry afpxy ivcfr
afpxIaF cfr ilKqF ivwc pysL kIqy hn: mjLhb aqy sfieMs;
sfieMs aqy mjLhb I – II; mjLhb aqy sfieMs - kI
afps ivc kwtV ivroDI hn? ieh ilKqF mnuwKqf leI amlI
aqy hkIkI syD idMdIaF hn. afienstfien dIaF Auprokq
ilKqF jgq priswD hoeIaF hn.
dunIaf ivc anyk mjLhb hn. hryk
mjLhb dy afpxy-afpxy inwjI rwb hn. kihx nUM sfry kih
idMdy hn ik rwb iek hY. scfeI ieh hY ik hryk mjLhb ny
afpxy-afpxy rwb dy afpxy-afpxy nF idqy hoey hn. Auh
mjLhb Ausy nF nfl juVy hoey hn aqy iehI nF vflf rwb
AuhnF df inwjI rwb hY. ijhVf dUsrf ivakqI Auh nF nhIN
lYNdf, Auh kfPLr hY. mjLhbF dI ies idRsLtI ny anyk
inwjI rwb pYdf kr idqy hn. ieh kihxf aslIaq hY ik
iehnF inwjI rwbF dy prCfvyN aDIn pRfcIn kfl qoN
mnuwKqf df kqlfm huMdf af irhf hY. ieh kqlfm hux vI
ho irhf hY aqy awgoN leI vI bws nhIN lgdI.
afienstfien df mjLhb sI prMqU Auh
inwjI rwbF ’qy ivsLvfs nhIN rwKdf sI.
afienstfien df mjLhb srv-ivafpI sI, jgq rUpI sI.
mjLhbF vwloN mnuwKqf leI joVy smfjI afcfrF-ivhfrF
’qy Aus df ivsLvfs nhIN sI. Aus df ivcfr sI ik
rwb df ies gwl nfl koeI vfsqf nhIN hY. afcfr-ivhfr
isrPL qy isrPL mnuwK df afpxf ivsLf hY.
afienstfien nUM sMn 1905 ivc
‘PLoto-eIlYktirk eIPYkt’ (PLoto-ibjlI dy
pirxfm) AuWpr kIqy kMm dy aDfr ’qy 1921 ivc
‘nobyl prfeIjL’ imilaf sI. ies nobyl
prfeIjL ny Aus nUM hMkfrI nhIN bxfieaf. suBf dy qOr
’qy Auh bhuq inmrqf vflf iensfn sI. sfdf suBf
rwKdf sI. aMdfjLf lfE ik jd afienstfien nUM afpxI
ijLMdgI dIaF pRfpqIaF bfry puwiCaf igaf qF Aus ny
nobyl prfeIjL dI pRfpqI df ijLkr qwk nf kIqf.
afienstfien iek idaflU idl rwKdf sI. duinafvI suwK-afrfm
Aus leI koeI arQ nhIN rwKdy sn. Aus ny sfrI Aumr koeI
kfr nhIN leI. afienstfien afp ilKdf hY,“myrf
pwkf ivsLvfs hY ik dunIaf ivwc koeI dOlq mnuwKqf nUM
ivkfs vwl lY jfx vfsqy shfeI nhIN ho skdI aqy ies
insLfny dI pUrqI leI dOlq BfvyN iksy swcy-suwcy ikrqI
dy hwQ ivc vI ikAuN nf dy idwqI jfvyy. dOlq isrPL
svfrQI lokF nUM hI mohMdI hY aqy ieh bVI byikrkI nfl
AuhnF nUM durvrqoN krn leI dfhvq idMdI hY. kI koeI
soc skdf hY ik moijLjL, jIsws jF gFDI kol kfrinjI3
dIaF qjOrIaF nhIN sn?”
afienstfien df sfQI ilAupolz
ienPYlz ilKdf hY,“sLfied afienstfien sB nfloN
mhfn ivigafnI sI qy sB nfloN idaflU mnuwK”. sfrI
dunIaf dy lok afpxy-afpxy ivisLaF pRqI afienstfien dI
rfey mMgdy sn aqy agvfeI cfhuMdy sn. afienstfien sB
nUM AuWqr idMdf sI. afienstfien kihMdf sI,“jy
qusIN KLusLI BrI ijLMdgI cfhuMdy ho qF qusIN afpxy
afp nUM iksy insLfny nfl joVo nfik lokF nfl jF cIjLF
nfl”.
afienstfien ny 1905 ivc iewk bhuq
msLhUr smIkrn (eIkueysLn) dI Koj kIqI, ijhVI ipwCoN
jf ky inkulI AUrjf/aYtmI AUrjf (nuclear
energy) df muwK aDfr bxI. ieh eIkueysLn:
E = mc2 sI. ieh eIkueysLn, mfqrf (mass) aqy
AUrjf (energy) df sbMD
dwsdI hY.
afienstfien afpxI ijLMdgI dy
afKLrI smyN qwk pirnstn (amrIkf) ivc kMm krdf irhf
ijwQy sMn 1955 ivc Aus df idhFq ho igaf.
afienstfien dy kuC kQn:
— rwb sMsfr nfl cOpV nhIN
Kyldf hY.
— ivigafn mjLhb qoN ibnF
lMgVf hY, mjLhb ivigafn qoN ibnF aMnHf hY.
— mjLhb, klf aqy sfry
ivwidaf sLfsqr ieko drKLq dIaF sLfKfvF hn. iehnF
sfiraF dI aiBlfsLf mnuwK dI BlfeI hY.
— igafn df ieko-iek sroq
qjrbf hY.
— ijMnf ijLafdf mnuwKqf dIaF
Aunwq-pulFGF df afqmk ivkfs hovygf, myry ivcfr ivc,
EnI hI ieh gwl pwkI hovygI ik aslI mjLhbI-ktVqf df
rsqf, ijLMdgI dy zr, mOq dy zr aqy anHy ivsLvfs ivc
nhIN hY prMqU ivcfrsLIl/qrksLIl igafn dy aDfr
‘qy Gflxf krn ivc hY.
— jd afienstfien nUM puwiCaf
igaf ik qIjI ivsLv jMg ikvyN lVI jfeygI qF Aus ny
ikhf ik Aus nUM ieh qF nhIN pqf. pr Auh ieh jfxdf hY
ik cOQI ivsLv jMg soitaF aqy pwQrF nfl lVI jfeygI.
— sLFqI ihMsf nfl nhIN pRfpq
ho skdI, ieh isrPL smJdfrI duafrf hI hfsl kIqI jf
skdI hY.
— mnuwK df gux ies ivc hY ik
Auh kI idMdf hY aqy ies ivwc nhIN hY ik Auh kI lYx dy
Xog hY.
— jy a sPlqf hY qF PLfrmUlf
ieh bxdf hY: a=X+Y+gL[ X df mqlb hY kMm. Y df arQ hY
Kyz. gL df Bfv hY mUMh bMd.
— jy mYnUM iewk vfr iPr jIvn
imilaf qF mYN plMbr (nlky lfAux vflf) bxFgf. (aYtm
bMb duafrf qbfhI ’qy pRqIkrm)
— dUijaF vfsqy ijLMdgI
ijAyuxf hI Auicq jIvn hY.
Puwtnot:
1[ brfAun ibRitsL bnspq-ivigafnI
sI.
2[ ayYvogfdro ietlI df rsfiexk
aqy BOqk ivigafnI sI ijs ny gYsF ‘qy kMm kIqf.
3[ kfrinjI iewk amrIkn amIr
AudXogpqI sI.
(16 PrvrI 2006)
*****
dljIq
isMG, aYzimMtn, knyzf
(Daljit Singh Rakhra)
1107 – 10149 Saskathewan Drive
Edmonton AB T6E 6B6
Canada
Phone: (780) 989 - 2977
ies lVI
dy sfry lyK pVHn leI kilwk kro:
albrt afienstfien
mjLhb aqy ivigafn (2)
mjLhb aqy ivigafn (3)
mjLhb aqy ivigafn (4)
