amlI aqy mfnvI buwD-drÈn
buwD pUrinmf dy mOky qy ('qy)

gOqm buwD

-dljIq isMG-

dljIq isMG, aYzimMtn, knyzf

   awj qoN qkrIbn 2600 sfl pihlF Bfrq dy AuWqr-pUrb ivwc iewk mhfn dfrÈink hoieaf hY, ijs ƒ mhfqmf buwD dy nF nfl jfixaf jFdf hY. Auh lokF ƒ amlI jIvn-jfc leI iewk afÈfvfdI-mÈfl idKfAuNdf hY. Aus df drÈn mnuwKqf leI ÈFqI aqy ÉuÈI df sMdyÈ hY. buwD afqmf-prmfqmf dy sUKm pRÈnF ivwc pYx dI bjfey iensfnI qjribaF qoN AuqpMn arQ-pUrn igafn df hmfieqI hY.

   buwD df jnm 563 bI[sI[ ivwc hoieaf. buwD dy ipqf 'suDodn` aqy mfqf 'mhfmfieaf` sn. 'suDodn` gOqm brfdrI ivwcoN sfkIaf kbIly dy qkrIbn 500 prvfrF df cuixaf hoieaf rfjf sI. Aus df rfj afDuink nypfl dy dwKx ivwc siQq sI. buwD df jnm kplvwsqU Èihr dy nyVy hoieaf. Aus dI mfqf dI mOq Aus ƒ jnm dyx dy swq idnF ipwCoN hI ho geI. buwD df pflx-posx mhfmfieaf dI BYx, 'mhfpRjfpqI` ny kIqf.

   buwD df bcpn df nF 'isDfrQ` sI. buwD df arQ hY: aMqr-igafnI; anuBvI. buwD ƒ 'qQfgq` df nF vI idwqf igaf hY, ijs df mqlb hY, 'Auh ies qrHF afieaf`. buwD ƒ sfkIaf-munI vI kihMdy hn ikAuNik Auh sfkIaf kbIly nfl sbMD rwKdf sI. buwD 80 sfl dI Aumr Bog ky 483 bI[sI[ ivwc clfxf kr igaf. jnm-mrn dIaF qrIkF bfry ieiqhfskfrF ivwc afpsI mwq-Byd hn. keI ieiqhfskfr buwD dI iËMdgI df smF 560 bI[sI[ qoN 480 bI[sI[ dwsdy hn.

   isDfrQ df bcpn Èfhfnf sI. mhwl-mfVIaF, pihnx-Kfx, nOkr-cfkr aqy KuwlH-bhfr sB ÈfhI sn. Aus ƒ jMg sbMDI inpuMn qIr-aMdfËI isKfeI geI. solHF sfl dI Aumr ivwc isDfrQ df ivafh iewk suMdrI, XÈoDrf nfl kr idwqf igaf. agly qyrF sfl Aus ny afpnI pqnI nfl ivafhuqf jIvn guËfiraf. ies dOrfn Aus dy Gr iewk puwqr, rfhul ny jnm ilaf. isDfrQ ƒ dunIaf dy hr iksm dy Êm-klyÈ aqy duwK-drd dy prCfivaF qoN dUr rwiKaf igaf.

   iPr vI iewk smF aijhf afieaf jdoN isDfrQ ƒ duwK-BrIaF GtnfvF df sfhmxf hoieaf, ijnHF ny Aus dy idl `qy gihrI cot mfrI aqy Aus ƒ socx leI mjbUr kr idwqf ik dunIaf duwKF df Gr hY. Aus df idl Aucft ho igaf. AunHF GtnfvF ivwc Aus ny pihlI vfr iewk JurVIaF-BrpUr inqfxf buwZf dyiKaf. dUsrI vfr Aus ny ÉOÌnfk bImfrI df iÈkfr hoieaf iewk qVpdf mnuwK dyiKaf. qIsrI vfr Aus ny iewk imrqk ƒ mrGt vwl lY jFidaF dyiKaf. ienHF iqMny GtnfvF ny Aus dy sMvydnÈIl mn ƒ Dwkf mfiraf ik mnuwK df jIvn qF asiQr hY aqy duwKF nfl Biraf ipaf hY. cOQI vfr Aus ny iewk sfDU dyiKaf ijs ny prm-igafn dI Bfl ivwc dunIaf iqafg idwqI sI. bs, Aus ny vI ÌYslf kr ilaf ik Auh rfj-Bfg iqafg dyvygf aqy mnuwKI duwK-drd df hwl lwByygf.

   jIvn-igafn dI Bfl Éfqr isDfrQ ny iewk rfq mfqf-ipqf, pqnI, puwqr, ÈfhI mhwl-mfVIaF, suwK-afrfm afid iqafg idwqy aqy ÌkIrF dy ilbfs ivwc jMglF ƒ qur igaf. Auh mgD dyÈ, vrqmfn ibhfr prdyÈ, ivwc phuMc igaf. isDfrQ mgD dI rfjDfnI 'rfjgrIh` ivwc afpxy mn ƒ inmr bxfAux leI iBwiKaf qy guËr krdf sI. mgD dyÈ df rfjf ibMbsfr isDfrQ ƒ imilaf. isDfrQ ny rfjy ƒ afpxf mMqv dwisaf ik Auh inrvfx pRfpqI leI afpxy afp ƒ ÈuD kr irhf hY.

   isDfrQ ny Xog aqy iDafn df aiBafs kIqf. Aus ny 'vYÈflI` dy mukfm qy alr klm aqy Auydk rfmpuwqr, pRiswD ivdvfnF ƒ afpxf gurU Dfrn kIqf pr qswlI nf hoeI. AuprMq Aus ny mgD dyÈ dy 'Aurvlf` asQfn 'qy aMÈk Bojn aqy vrqF rfhIN Cy sfl Gor qpwisaf kIqI. ies aiq-sMjmqf dI qpwisaf ivwc Aus ƒ koeI igafn pRfpq nf hoieaf pr Aus df srIr suwk ky qIlf bx igaf. ies smyN iewk nrqkI afpxy igtfr qy anMdq gIq gfAuNdI lMGI. isDfrQ ny Auyh gIq suixaf. Aus gIq dy bol sn:

inrq krdIaF ny suMdrIaF, jdoN vwjdI hY isqfr,
sur imlf isqfr dI sfzy leI, nf nIvIN nf AuWcI,
nwcdIaF hF asIN, mnuwKF dy idlF 'qy,
tuwt jFdI hY aiq-kwsI qfr, ho jFdI hY sMgIq dI mOq,
guMgI ho jFdI hY aiq-iZwlI qfr, ho jFdI hY sMgIq dI mOq,
sur imlf isqfr dI sfzy leI, nf nIvIN nf AuWcI.

   isDfrQ ƒ ies gIq ivwcoN zUMGy afqmk-arQ imly. Aus aMdr qfkq aqy hOslf Br igaf. Aus ny mihsUs kIqf ik srIr ƒ BuwK nfl qsIhy dyx df koeI Ìfiedf nhIN. Aus ny ies iksm dI qpwisaf ƒ qlFjlI dy idqI. Aus ƒ XkIn ho igaf ik Aus dy mMqv dI pRfpqI leI drimafnf rfh TIk hY. Aus smyN 'sujfqf' nfmI lVkI ny isDfrQ ƒ Bojn leI duwD aqy kuC cfvl pyÈ kIqy. ies AuprMq isDfrQ ny sDfrn Bojn Kfxf arMB kr idwqf.

   hux isDfrQ afpxy mMqv dI pRfpqI leI 'gieaf' dy mukfm `qy iewk broty dy drwÉq Qwly mn iekfgr kr ky bYT igaf. ies ibrqI ivwc Aus ƒ jIvn-igafn pRfpq hoieaf. Aus ny prm-igafn Bfl ilaf. Aus ƒ jgq dI aslIaq bfry smJ af geI. Aus ny Auh rfh lwB ilaf ijs rfhIN sdIvI ÉuÈI pRfpq kIqI jf skdI hY aqy duwKF qoN Cutkfrf pfieaf jf skdf hY. ies AuprMq isDfrQ df nF buwD pY igaf.

   buwD ny afpxI iswiKaf dy psfr leI afpxf pihlf AupdyÈ bnfrs nyVy 'sfrnfQ' dy mukfm qy idwqf. AuWQy Aus ny mnuwK dy kilafx leI cfr sryÈT scfeIaF dy nfl aÈt-mfrg df drÈn pRsquq kIqf. AuWQy hI Aus ny iBkÈU-sMG dI nINh rwKI.

buwD-mwq dIaF cfr sryÈT scfeIaF aqy aÈt-mfrg

   1[ duwK dI scfeI: jnm aqy buZfpy df duwK; bImfrI aqy mOq df duwK; AudfsI, mfqm, inrfÈqf aqy Auprfmqf df duwK; nfgvfr Gtxf df duwK; apUrn iewCf df duwK.

   2[ duwK dy kfrn: punr-jnm dI lflsf; rMg rlIaF, aYÈ-afrfm aqy kfm-vfsnf dI lflsf; hoNd aqy hoNd-rihq hox dI lflsf.

   3[ duwK dy Éfqmy leI lflsfvF qoN Cutkfrf aqy iqafg dI Bfvnf.

   4[ duwK dy Éfqmy leI pwQ-prdrÈk, aÈt mfrg: shI smJ; shI ierfdf; shI kQnI; shI kfrj; shI roËgfr; shI iÉafl; shI iekfgrqf; shI iDafn.

   buwD dI jIvn pRqI sfdf aqy amlI phuMc krky buwD dy ivcfrF ny lokF dy hr vrg ƒ bhuq pRBfvq kIqf. lok krm-kFzF dI jkV qoN qMg af cuwky sn. lok-jIvn ivwc asMqoÈ PYilaf hoieaf sI. lokF dy keI vrg-smUh buwD drÈn svIkfr kr ky boDI bx gey ijnHF ivwc rfjy, mhfrfjy, drbfrI, bRfhmx, mwD-ÈryxI aqy sDfrn lok sn. buwD pRiqBfvfn sI ijs ny afpxf drÈn dlIl aqy ivvyk rfhIN ivdvfnF aqy irÈIaF-munIaF awgy rwiKaf. buwD ny goÈtIaF rfhIN buwD-mwq dI ivafiKaf kIqI. buwD Drm ivwc jfqI-pfqI ƒ koeI QF nhIN sI. Aus df AupdyÈ aihMsfvfdI sI. Aus df mwq sI ik nÌrq krn nfl nÌrq Éqm nhIN huMdI aYpr ipafr nfl nÌrq smfpq ho jFdI hY.

   mn dI pivwqrqf bhuq ËrUrI hY. qusIN afpxy afpy ƒ afp AuqFh cuwkxf hY. afpxy afpy dI afp prK krnI hY. afpxy afpy dI afp rwiKaf kro. afpy df iDafn rwK ky ÉuÈ rho aqy sfdf iËMdgI bsr kro. quhfzf afpf quhfzf mflk hY. afpf, afpy dI hI Èrn hY. ies vfsqy ijvyN GoVf isDfieaf jFdf hY, Ausy qrHF afpxy-afpy ƒ isDfE.

   buwD ny afpxy pYrokfrF ƒ nsIhq kIqI ik AunHF ƒ 'dunIaf df muwZ kI hY? rwb dI hoNd kI hY? rwb ikho ijhf hY?' vrgy svfl krn dI koeI loV nhIN hY. aijhy svflF dI Koj mnuwKqf df kuJ nhIN sMvfrdI. ieh svfl amlI qOr qy ivarQ hn aqy quhfzy mn ƒ aslI jIvn-smwisaf qoN lFBy krdy hn.

   iewk vfr iewk iBkÈU 'mlMkIpuqr, ny buwD kol iglf kIqf ik AunHF ny kdy nhIN dwisaf, "kI ieh dunIaf sdIvI hY jF afrËI hY? kI jgq asIm hY jF sImq hY? kI ieh jIvn aqy srIr iewk hn jF iBMn hn? kI arhq (boDI) mOq qoN bfhr hn jF nhIN?" ies dy AuWqr ivwc buwD ny svfl kIqf, '"kI Aus nyy kdy ienHF svflF dI ivafiKaf krn df vfadf kIqf hY?" buwD ny afp hI ies df AuWqr idwqf, "nhIN, kdy nhIN". iPr buwD ny iewk khfxI suxfeI: iewk afdmI ƒ ËihrIlf qIr vwjf. zfktr bulfieaf igaf. ÌrË kro jy Auh zfktr khy ik Auh qIr ƒ EnF icr nhIN kwZygf jF ielfj nhIN krygf ijMnF icr qusIN ieh nhIN dwsdy ik ieh qIr iks ny bxfieaf hY? ieh qIr iks iksm df sI? aqy qIr bfry eysy iksm dy hor svfl. lE! mrIË mr jfeygf pr jvfb nhIN lwBxgy. iPr buwD ny mlMkIpuwqr ƒ ikhf ik mnuwK mr jfeygf pr qQfgq ieMdrIaF dI phuMc qoN pfr dI dÈf vfly svflF df jvfb nhIN dy skygf. pr, buwD dI iswiKaf: duwK, ies dy kfrn aqy ies dy Éfqmy bfry ËihrIlf qIr kwZx dy brfbr ho skdI hY.

   ies qrHF buwD afpxI Aumr dy afÉrI plF qwk afpxy mwq df pRcfr krdf igaf. buwD dI iswiKaf bfry 'pflI' BfÈf ivwc sB nfloN purfxI kfiv-rUp ilKq 'Dwmpd' smrft aÈok dy smyN qIjI sdI bI[sI[ qwk pRfpq rhI. ies dy 26 cYptrF ivwc 423 pdy sn. pRfcIn kfl ivwc Dfrmk sUqrF ƒ ËbfnI XfddfÈq rfhIN sFiBaf jFdf sI. 'Dwmpd' dy iewk pd df nmUnf:

   "jo kuwJ asIN hF afpxI idRÈtI df iswtf hY: iehI iswtf sfzy ivcfrF df sMcflk hY. ieh sfzy ivcfr qoN hI AuqpMn hoieaf hY. jy koeI iensfn mMdy ivcfr nfl boldf hY jF kMm krdf hY qF kÈt Aus df ieAuN ipwCf krdf hY ijvyN gwzy ƒ iKwc rhy bÜd dy pYr dy mgr phIaf".

buD-mwq df prsfr

   buwD dy jIvn kfl ivwc hI buwD mwq df prsfr qyËI nfl hox lwg ipaf sI. mgD dyÈ dy rfjf ibMbsfr ny buwD df AupdyÈ suixaf aqy buwD-mwq Dfrn kr ilaf. rfjy dy drbfrI, anyk bRfhmn aqy bhuq sfry lok buwD Drm dy anuXfeI bx gey. buwD afpxy ipqf dy swdy qy kiplvwsqU igaf. AuWQy XÈoDrf, buwD dI pqnI, pihlI aOrq-iBkÈU bxI. buwD dy puwqr, rfhul ƒ iBkÈU-sMG ivwc Èfml kr ilaf igaf. Bfrq ivwc smrft aÈok aqy smrft kinÈk ny buwD-mwq df pRcfr ËorF nfl kIqf. buwD Drm smyN dI cfl nfl cIn, jfpfn, korIaf aqy dwKxI eyÈIaf ivwc PYl igaf.

   Bfrq ivwc swqvIN sdI qoN buwD-mwq df pRBfv Gtxf ÈurU ho igaf aqy qyrHvIN sdI qwk afpxI Èfn guaf bYTf. ies df kfrn ihMdU-mwq df Ëor PVnf, boDI XUnIvrstIaF df pqn aqy Bfrq AuWqy muslmfnI hmly khy jFdy hn.

   afDuink kfl ivwc anyk pRiswD pwCmI dfrÈinkF aqy kvI-jnF ny buwD dy icMqn ƒ afpxIaF ilKqF df ivÈf bxfieaf hY. AunHf lyKkF ivwcoN kuJ nF: ÌrFsIsI ivdvfn XujIn brnOP (1801 - 1852); brnOP df Èfigrd, jrmn ivdvfn mYks mUlr; sr aYzvrz arnolz (buwD bfry lMmI kivqf; d lfeIt afÌ eyÈIaf - 1879); pfl kYrUs; jrmn ivdvfn Èwpnhfr (1788 - 1860); jHfn mysPIlz; tI[aYWs[ eIlIat; zblIXU[bI[ XIst afid hn.

   BfrqI ruhfnIaq dy mhfn ivdvfn suafmI ivvykfnMd df kQn hY, "buwD pUrn krm-XogI sI. iksy ny ikhf ik mYN avqfr hF; iksy ny ikhf ik mYN rwb df pYÊMbr hF; pr buwD hI aYsf hoieaf hY ijs ny ikhf 'mYƒ rwb bfry iBMn-iBMn mwqF ivwc jfx dI loV nhIN hY aqy nf hI afqmf bfryy sUKm svflF qy vfd-ivvfd ivwc pYx dI loV hY. mYN smJdf hF ik nyk kMm kro aqy nyk iensfn bxo. iehI quhfzf kilafx krygf aqy siq dy rfh 'qy pfeygf'. aYyzf vwzf dfrÈink aqy aYzf vwzf Aus df drÈn! pr Aus ny afpxy vfsqy mMigaf kuC vI nhIN".

   jgq pRiswD ivigafnI aqy dfrÈink, afienstfien df buwD-mwq bfry kQn Éfs iDafn mMgdf hY, "BivwK ivwc sfry jgq df mËHb iewk hovygf. ies ny inwjI-rwb ilafAuxf hY. Drm-isDFqF aqy Drm-ÈfsqrF qoN prhyË krnf hY. BOiqk aqy afqmk, dono idÈfvF ƒ nfl lY ky mËhbI sUJ pYdf krnI hY. ies ny sB pwKF: Boqk BOiqk, afqmk aqy arQpUrn-iekfeI dy qjribaF ivwcoN AuqpMn hoxf hY. buwD-mwq Auprokq ivvrn df AuWqr pyÈ krdf hY [[[[[[[ jy koeI mËhb hY qF buwD-mwq hI vrqmfn ivigafnk loVF ƒ pUrf kr skdf hY".

   ÌrYWz aYln, pIaYWc[zI[ (BOiqk ivigafn), 'mfeINz aYNz mYtr, d siprcUal XUnIvrs' dy lyKk anusfr: afienstfien aqy buwD iewk zUMGI aqy sfdf prmfxXog aMqrI-sUJ idMdf hY ijhVf sfieMs aqy ruhfnIaq ivwclI qRyV ƒ rPU krdf hY.

   zf[ aYln lIAunfrz, zIpfrtmYNt afÌ iÌlfsÌI, nvydf XUnIvrstI, lfs vygfs (amrIkf) df kihxf hY, "afienstfien aqy buwD iewk aMqr-pryrnfmeI jqn hY ijhVf 21vIN sdI ivwc jgq-ivcfr dy eykIkrn ƒ bVHfvf dyx dI cxOqI df AuWqr idMdf hY".

   isafsI aqy smfjk pwDr `qy awj vI 'ijs dI lfTI Aus dI BYNs' dy aKfx df bol bflf hY. isafsq mËhbI kwtVvfd df pwlf PV ky lfhf lYxf cfhuMdI hY aqy afqMkvfd ny dunIaf df konf-konf ihlf idwqf hY. Bfrq df pRiswD dfrÈink, rfDf ikRÈnn afpxf pRqIkrm pRgt krdf kihMdf hY, "iensfn cMd qy cVHn ivwc qF kfmXfb ho igaf hY pr DrqI `qy qurnf nhIN iswK sikaf".

   dunIaf ivwc PYlI mËhbI kwtVqf aqy mfrU-jMgF ny lokF dy idlF ivwc dihl, bycYnI, aÈFqI aqy asurwiKaqf dy mnoBfv pYdf kr idwqy hn. lok ies iksm dy hflfq df sMsfrI hwl buwD-mwq ivwc lwBx lwg pey hn. dyKx ivwc af irhf hY ik buwD df pRBfv afstrylIaf, Xorp dy keI dyÈF aqy amrIkf dy lokF ivwc vD irhf hYY. Auprokq ivdvfnF dy ivcfrF qoN vI ieh iswtf inkldf hY ik dunIaf ivwc iewk vfr iPr buwD dy ivcfrF dy AuBfr afAux dI sMBfvnf bxdI jf rhI hY.

   ivÈv dI ipClI jn-gxnf anusfr kuwl sMsfr ivwc boDIaF dI igxqI 36 kroV 40 lwK (kuwl ivÈv dI afbfdI df 6%) sI.

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dljIq isMG, aYzimMtn, knyzf (Daljit Rakhra)
1107 – 10149 Saskathewan Drive
Edmonton AB T6E 6B6
Canada
Phone: (780) 989 - 2977