nfl 'smfnF gwlHF krdf
bFdr bYTf ruwK dI cotI
dohF muwTIaF dy ivc GuwtI iqMn cOQfeI jwg
dI rotI
bFdr smJy sdf ibrC ny, nfl smfnF KihMdy
rihxf
nf sLyrF ny AuWpr cVHnf nf hI Ausny hyTF
lihxf
nf jfxy koeI bfjL afkfsLoN, Aus dI igwcI
nUM PV skdf
Xf koeI icwtf irwC brPfnI, ibrC dy AWuqy
vI cVH skdf.
sMsfr dI srmfeydfrI sfhmxy
iek llkfr pysL krdIaF ieh sqrF pRgqIvfd dy moZI
kvI mohn isMG dIaF ilKIaF hoeIaF hn. ieh kivqf
ajoky smyN aMdr amrIkf qy ieMglYz vrgIaF
nvsfmrfjvfdI qfkqF duafrf afpxy pRmfxU hiQafrF dy
jLor qy pUrI dunIaF nUM idKfeI jf rhI DONs dy
iKlfPL ibwlkul Auicq ZwukdIaF hn. awj amrIkf
afpxI srmfeydfrfnf hvs pUrI krn leI sfrI dunIaF
aMdr arfjkqf PYlf irhf hY. Aus ny eIrfn qy
aPgfinsqfn dI BolI BflI jnqf qy axmnuwKI qsLwdd
Zfihaf hY ijs dI ijMnI inMdf kIqI jfvy Auh Gwt hY.
awj sXuMkq rfsLtr sMG vrgI sMsQf Aus dy hwQF dI
kTpuwqlI bx ky Aus dIaF vihsLI kfrvfeIaF nUM
sMsfr amn leI jLrUrI hox dy srtIiPkyt jfrI kr rhI
hY. Auprokq sqrF srmfeydfrI dIaF ieMnHF nIqIaF
nUM hmysLF lfanqF pfAuNdIaF rihxgIaF. ieh hmysF
leI pRgqIsLIl qy agfhvDU lokF dI smJ sfPL krdIaF
rihxgIaF.
poR[ mohn isMG iksy jfx pCfx
df muQfj nhIN hY. Aus nUM pMjfbI pRgqIvfdI kivqf
df moZI kvI mMinaf jFdf hY. mohn isMG df jnm 20
akqUbr 1905 nUM hoqI mrdfn, sUbf srhMd (awjklH
pfiksqfn) ivc hoieaf. Aus nUM bcpn qoN hI kivqf
ilKx df sLOk sI. 1921 ivc Aus dI kivqf 'sfzf gurU
qy gurU kf bfg sfzf' bhuq ijafdf mkbUl hoeI
ikAuNik AunHF idnF ivc iswK gurUduafrf suDfr lihr
afpxy pUry jobn qy sI. smyN dy muqfibk ilKI geI
ieh rcnf iswK jgq ivc pRisDI pfAux df sunihrf
mOkf sI, ijs df mohn isMG nUM pUrf lfB vI hoieaf.
pRo[ mohn isMG ny pMjfbI
kivqf nUM nON kfiv sMgRih sfvy pwqr (1936),
ksuMBVf (1939),aDvfty (1943), kwc swc (1950),
afvfjLF (1954), vwzf vylf (1958), jMdry (1964),
jY mIr (1968) aqy bUhy (1977) idwqy hn. ies qoN
ielfvf Aus dy do mhFkfiv eysLIaf df cfnx (anuvfidq)
aqy nnkfiex (1972) vI sLfiml hn. mohn isMG ny
afpxI kfiv lyKxI dI surUafq cfr hMJU nf dy lGU
kfiv sMgRih qoN kIqI ijs ivc Aus dIaF isrPL cfr
kivqfvF sLfml hn. ijMnHF dy nF hn rwb, bsMq,
anfrklI qy nUrjhF. ijvyN ik nfm qoN hI spwst ho
jFdf hY ik ieMnHF df pRmuWK ivsLf pRym ipafr hY.
ienHF cfrF kivqfvF dy sLurU ivc idwqI rubfeI
idwqI pUrI kivqf df incoV pysL krdI hY. ijvyN ik
'nUrjhF' kivqf dy afrMB ivc;
rojLf qyrf sohxIey, lokF
leI msfn
pr sLfier dI njLr ivc, ieh iek pfk kurfn
qyVF iehdIaF afieqF, jy pVHIey nfl iDafn
Klud,I qkwbr Cwz ky,bx jfeIey iensfn.
ieh kivqfvF bfd ivc sfvy pwqr
kfiv sMgRih ivc vI sLfml kIqIaF geIaF hn. ieh
cfry kivqfvF df prMprfgq CMd bYNq hY.
poR[ mohn isMG dy kfiv sPLr dI asl sLurUafq Aus
dy kfiv sMgRih sfvy pwqr qoN hI mMnI jFdI hY.
surU ivc kvI ny pRym ipafr qy pRikrqI nfl sMbMiDq
gIqF dI rcnf kIqI. Auh hr QF pRikrqI nUM mfnv jgq
nfl joV ky dyKdf hY. Auh afpxy inwjI ipafr df
pRfikrqI nfl qulnfqimk sbMD sQfipq krdf ilKdf hY;
kI vyKo qusI qfirE ? kI
lvo knso
qusI cIjL iksy arsL dI, mYnUM lwgI ijLmIN dI
Coh.
mohn isMG afpxI kivqf dy somy
nUM pCfnx df Xqn krdf hY. Auh afpxI kivqf 'bsMq'
ivc kihMdf hY;
vyK bsMq Kfb aMdr mYN,
dwsI pIV ihjLr dI
hMJUaF dy diraf Puwt inkly, vyK icrokf drdI
pUMJ awQrU myry bolI, jo rwb krdf cMgI
mohn! ikMJ bxdf qUM sLfier, jykr mYN nf mrdI.
pihly pVfa ivc Aus ny iswK
Drm nfl sbMiDq kivqfvF dI vI rcnf kIqI. Auh pMjfb
df vfsI hox kfrn iswK gurUaF dI kurbfnI qy dyx
qoN bhuq pRBfivq sI. 'iswKI' nf dI kivqf ivc Auh
iswKI ivc kurbfnIaF dI sLlfGf krdf hoieaf ilKdf
hY:
Auh ikhVf bUtf ey?
hr QF jo pldf ey
afry dy dMidaF qy, rMbI dIaF DfrF qy
KYbr dy diraF qy, srsf dIaF lihrF qy.
Aus dI kivqf ivc jdoN JnF ivc
PuwLl pfAux dI gwl huMdI hY qF Auh afpxf nfqf
pMjfbI dy pRym-nfiekF nflL joVdf hY. ies ivcoN
Aus df pMjfb qy pMjfbI siBafcfr pRqI pRym vI
Jlkdf njLr afAuNdf hY. ijvyN;
myry Puwl JnF ivc pfxy,
mYN sLfier myry Puwl suhfvy
kdr ieMnHF dy koeI afsLk pfvy.
gMgf bfhmxI kI jfxy
myry Puwl JnF ivc pfxy.
mohn isMG dI ieh iewCf Ausdy mrn bfd pUrI vI
kIqI geI.
mohn isMG dI kivqf dy dUjy
pVfa ivc Aus dy kudrq pRym df Jlkfrf vDyry imldf
hY. ies pVfa qy Auh afdrsLvfd qoN ivafkqIvfd vfly
pfsy moVf kwtdf hY. Aus df ivafkqIvfd jdoN nfiekf
dy svr ivc guxguxfAuNdf hY qF 'koeI qoVy vy qoVy'
ijhIaF kivqfvF jnm lYNdIaF hn. poR[ mohn isMG
iesqrI dy ihrdy ivc bih ky Aus dIaF idlI socF qy
pRqIikirafvF nUM icqrdf hY. aijhIaF kivqfvF kfrx
Aus Aupr asLlIlqf df dosL vI lfieaf jFdf hY.
ijvyN,
koeI qoVy vy koeI qoVy,
myrI vIxI nUM mckoVy
mYN kwjf ikvyN jvfnI,nhIN rukdI ieh dIvfnI
mYN ho cwlI hF bAurfnI
mYnUM bfg jfpdy sOVy- koeI qoVy vy koeI qoVy.
pRo mohn isMG df qIjf pVfa
pRgqIvfdI df pVfa hY. jdoN dUjy sMsfr XuwD df
Kqrf pUrI dunIaF dy isr qy mMzrf irhf sI. sMsfr
aMdr nfjLIvfdI qy PLfsIvfdI qfkqF agfhvDU lokF
dIaF jfnFH dIaF dusLmx bx geIaF sn,hr pfsy zr df
mfhOl sI. ies smyN sMsfr Br dy pRgqIvfdI lyKk
sfhmxy afey qy AunHF ny ies dy iKlfPL lfmbMdI
kIqI. 1935 ivc sMsfr pRisD lyKkF df sMmyln PrFs
ivc swidaf igaf, ies ivc lMdn pVHdy do BfrqI
ividafrQIaF ny vI sLmUlIaq kIqI. ies qoN bfd Bfrq
ivc vI pRgqIvfdI lihr ny joLr PiVaf. pMjfbI kivqf
ies qoN aCUqI ikvyN rih skdI? pMjfbI sfihq qF
muwZ kdIm qoN hI pRgqImuwK irhf hY. pRgqIvfdI
lihr dy pRBfv Qwly poR[ mohn isMG ny vI romfsvfd
qoN pRgqIvfd vfly pfsy moVf kwitaf. Aus ny 1936
ivc sfvy pwqr kfiv sMgRih dy ky agFhvDU pRgqIsLIl
lihr ivc afpxf nfm drj krvfieaf.
zf[ siqMdr isMG nUr ilKdf hY;
"mohn isMG 1935 ipwCoN sfhmxy afeI pMjfbI
rumfitk pRgqIvfdI kivqf df pRmuwK kvI hY. Aus dI
kivqf ny afly duafly dy ivsysL-aivsLysL bhuq sfry
kvIaF nUM pRBfivq kIqf. Aus dy kfiv jgq df aiDaYn
kridaF, Aus dI kfiv smrwQf-asmrwQf nUM jfxidaf
Aus dOr dI kivqf dIaF muwK ibrqIaF df pqf lwg
jFdf hY.” pRo[ mohn isMG ny Poky krm kFzf,
afdrsLvfdI ivsLvfsL pRbMD aqy Dfrimk cyqnf Aupr
ikMqU krnf surU kIqf. Aus ny Dfrimk kwtVqf nUM
keI bImfrIaF dI jVH mMinaf, ikAuNik Dfrimk nyqf
iPrkU pRcfr rfhIN jfq qy Drm dy nF qy lokF nUM
lVHf rhy sn. Auh 'mYN nhI qyry grF' kivqf ivc
iesy qrHF dI soc df pRgtfvf krdf hYN;
ijwQy vIr vIrF nUM KFdy
isroN mfr Duwpy suwt jFdy
ijwQy lwK mxF df loihaf
jLMjIrF hwQkVIaF hoieaf
ijwQy mjLhb dy nF Qwly
diraF keI KUn dy cwly
mYN nhIN rihxf aYsI QF.
mohn isMG df inwjI ipafr qy
pRikrqI ipafr hOlI hOlI pRgqIvfd dI pfx cVH ky
sfry sMsfr leI pRym, mfnvqf dy drd, dwby kucly
lokF dy drd ivc bdl ky nvF suhj isrjdf hY. ijwQy
vI ikrq dI luwt huMdI hY Aus nUM duwK huMdf aqy
imhnqksLF nfl Bfvnfqmk qOr qy Auh sFJ bxfANdf hY.
ijvyN Auh Kud hI ilKdf hY;
pY kuTflI iesLk vflI
qVp bdlI vyg ivc
hOlI hOlI bx igaf
imwqrF df gLm lokF df gLm.
mohn isMG nUM pMjfbI qy
pMjfbIaq nfl vI gUVf pRym sI. ies df Jlkfrf Aus
dI kivqf ivc hr QF imldf hY. Auh pMjfb qy pMjfbI
muitafrF dI isPLq keI vfr afpxIaF kivqfvF ivc
krdf hY. Auh pMjfb bfry ilKdf hY;
Bfrq hY vFg muMdrI
ivc ng pMjfb df
Bfrq hY jy sLrfb
ieh nsLf sLrfb df.
pRo[ mohn isMG pRgqIvfdI kvI
hox kfrn hr Gtnf jF siQqI nUM mfrksLvfdI njLrIey
qoN prKdf hY. Auh df supnf vrg rihq smfj dI
isrjxf hY. Auh hmysLf burjUaf dy iKlfPL aqy
pRolyqfrI dy hwk ivc Bugqdf hY. pUMjIvfdI smfj qy
lokF dI luwt df ijLkr vfr vfr Aus dI kivqf ivc
imldf hY. Auh smfj df ZFcf do vrgF qy aDfirq
mMndf hY, ijs ivc iek vrg lokF df qy dUjf vrg
jokF df hY. ieMnHF ivc hmysLf hI afpxy afpxy hwkF
nUM lY ik sMGrsL cwldf rihMdf hY. aMq ivc ijwq
imhnqksL afvfm dI hI huMdI hY. smfj dI kfxI vMz
bfry Auh ilKdf hY;
do toitaF ivc BoN tuwtI
iek mihlF df iek ZokF df
do DiVHaF ivc Klkq vMzI
iek lokF df iek jokF df.
pRo[ mohn isMG sMsfr sLFqI qy
BfeIcfry df vI smrQwk hY. Auh Dfrimk kMtVpMQIaF
dIaF qy iPLrkfpRsq qfkqF dIaF iGxfAuxIaF
kfrvfeIaF qoN bhuq ijLafdf icMqq irhf hY, ikAuN
ik sMn sMqflLI dI vMz Aus ny awKI dyKI sI ,AujVy
GrF dy mMjLr Aus dIaF XfdF ivc sn. Auh mMndf hY
ik dysL dI vMz leI muwK qOr qy ijLMmyvfr Dfrimk
kwtVpMQI aqy dysL dy rfjnIqIvfn sn. Auh dysL dI
vMz bfry vI afpxI kivqf ivc ieiqhfsk hvfly idMdf
hY. jdoN bfbr ny ihMdosqfn qy hmlf boilaf sI qF
bhuq sfry inhwQy lok Aus dy qswdd df isLkfr hoey
sn, ies smyN gurU nfnk sfihb ny bfbr df ivroD
kIqf sI aqy afpxI rcnf 'bfbrbfxI' ivc rwb nUM
AulfBf idMidaf iliKaf sI, 'eyqI mfr peI kurlfxy,qY
kI drd nf afieaf'. iesy qrjL qy 1947 dI vMz qoN
bfd poR[ mohn isMG ny afpxI iek kivqf 'gurU nfnk
nUM' ivc gurU nfnk nUM AulfBF idwqf hY;
vMz bYTy qyry puwq ny sFJy
svrg nUM
vMizaf svrg nrk df simafn ho igaf
iek pfsy pfk-pfkI pfiksqfn ho igaf
iek pfsy ihMdU-ihMdI ihMdusqfn ho igaf
muV BfgoaF dI cfdrIN ny iCwty KUn dy
muV lfloaF dy KUn df nucVfn ho igaf.
qUM rwb nUM vMgfiraf qYnUM vMgfrF mYN
afieaf nf qYN kI drd eynf Gfx ho igaf.
mohn isMG dI kivqf smyN dy
iblkul ankUl hY, awj dy hflfq qy vI iblkul TIk
ZuwkdI hY ikAuNik awj vI ihMdusqfn aMdr sMpRdfiek
JgiVaF ny afm lokF df ijAuNxf duwBr kr idwqf hY.
ikqy ihMdU iswK lVHfey jf rhy hn, ikqy dMgy
krvfey jf rhy hn. rotI, kwpVy ,rujgfr dI mMg qoN
iDafn htfAux leI nOjuafnF df iDafn mMidr-msijd
bxfAux idaF JgiVaF ivc AulJfieaf jf irhf hY. awj
sMpRdfiek nyqf sFqI df sMdysL dyx dI bjfey Dfrimk
smfgmF mOky iPLrkU jLihr vMz rhy hn. awj mjLhb
iek dUsry iKlfPL lVHfeI leI hiQafr qy tryinMg
mhuweIaf krvf irhf hY. ies hflfq ivc mohn isMG
dIaF keI kivqfvF iblkul ZuwkdIaF hn.
pRo[ mohn isMG sMsfr amn qy
sLFqI df mudweI hY. ies leI Auh sMsfr BfeIcfry
nUM qoVn vfly lokF df ivroD krdf hY. Auh afpxIaF
kivqfvF ivc Dfrimk sMkIrxqf, aMD ivsLvfsL, iPLrkU
soc aqy rUVHIvfdI snfqnI jIvn muwlF df sucyq qOr
qy ivroD kridaF, mnuwKI BlfeI, DrqI qy smkflI
jIvn dIaF smwisafvF nUM afpxI kivqf df ivsLy
bxfAuNdf hY. sFJIaF smwisafvF leI lokF nUM lfmbMd
hox df swdf idMdf hY;
dfqIaF klmF aqy hQOVy
kwTy kr lE sMd E Xfr,
qgVI iek qRYsUl bxfAu
XuwD kro prcMz E Xfr.
ies qrHF Auh smfj aMdr glq
kdrF kImqF aqy kfxI vMz nUM dUr krn leI sMGrsL df
swdf idMdf hY. mohn isMG ny afpxI kivqf ivc inwjI
ipafr, dysL ipafr, BfeIcfrf, sMGrsL, ienklfb,
kRFqI afid ivsLy Cohy hn. ienHF kivqfvF df rUpgq
muwl vI koeI Gwt nhIN hY.
pRo[ mohn isMG dI kivqf
klfqmk qy suhjfqmk pwKF qoN pUrx hY. Aus ny afpxI
kivqf nUM klpnf, ibMbF, alMkfrF qy pRqIkF nfl
isMLgfiraf hY. Aus dI BfsLf srl aqy TyT pMjfbI hY,
jo pfTk nUM pihlI njLry hI pRBfivq krdI hY. Aus
ny ivsyL dy anuklU pRBfvsLflI sLbd-cox kIqI hY.
Aus ny pMjfbI sfihq qy swiBafcfr dy ipCokV nUM
Kub AuBfiraf hY. kivqf ivc ieiqhfsk hvfilaF df vI
pRXog kIqf igaf hY.
sMgIqfqmkqf mohn isMG dI rcnf
dI AucyrI ivsLysLqf hY, Aus ny sMgIqfqmkqf
ilafAux leI sLfbidk DunIaF dy anupRfsF, lYa,qfl,gqI,
qol aqy qukFq afid df ivsyLsL iDafn rwiKaf hY.
mohn isMG sLfbidk CMdF aqy sMgIq klf nfl sbMiDq
sB jugqF dI vrqoN krdf hY. mohn isMG dy gIqF dI
aslI ivsyLsqf kvI dI mOilk klpnf duafrf isrjy gey
klpnf icwqr hn, jo aiq suMdr ibMbF df rUp Dfrn
krky Aus dy gIqF aqy pRgIqF nUM muMdrI dy ngF
smfn anUTy suhj ivc bMn idMdy hn.
mohn isMG ny afpxIaF kivqfvF
ivc lokDfrf dI smwgrI dI BrpUr vrqoN kIqI hY. Aus
dIaF keI DunF lokF dy mUMhF qy cVH ky aKfx df rUp
Dfrn kr cuwkIaF hn. Auh lok gIqF dIaF surF nUM
iDafn ivc rwKidaf gIq dI rcnf krdf hY ijvyN;
(1) ivc suwKF dy sfrI
dunIaF
nyVy Zuwk Zuwk bihMdI
prKy jfx imwqr Aus vyly
jdoN bfjLI puwTI pYNdI.
(2)- cMnf vy qyrI cfnxI
qfiraf vy qyrI loa
cMn pkfvy rotIaF
qfrf kry rso.
lok gIqF dIaF DunF AuWqy Aus
ny hor bhuq sfry gIq rcy hn. ijvyN 'afvfjLF' df 'gwjx
isMG' lok bolIaF dy rUp ivc aqy 'jwtIaF dy gIq'
GoVIaF dI sLYlI ivc iliKaF igaf hY.
ibMb mohn isMG dy rUp ivDfn
df mhwqvpUrn qwq hn. Aus dI hr kivqf iksy nf iksy
ibMb nUM rUpmfn krdI hY. Aus dy ibMb lGU vI hn
aqy ivsLfl vI, sUKm vI hn aqy sQUl vI. keI vfr qF
poR[mohn isMG dI kivqf ivc pRikrqk jIvn,ieiqhfs,
imiQhfs afid AupmfnF qy ibMbfvlI dI rcnf krdf hY.
zf[ dlIp isMG dIp Aus dI ibMbfvlI bfry ilKdfs hY
ik, "pRo[ mohn isMG df igafn kfPLI AuWcf hY.
klpnf, Xfd qy jfxkfrI ivc afDuink kvIaF ivcoN Auh
isrmOr hY. nvIn kfiv ibMbF dy sfry nmUny Aus dIaF
kivqfvF ivc dyKy jf skdy hn." ijvyN
AuWTo durgf vFgrf
mihKfsrF nUM soDIey
cMz mMuz rkq bIjLF nUM mukfeIey sfQIE.
Auprokq ivvycn qoN pqf lgdf
hY ik poR[ mohn isMG keI pRgqIvfdI kvIaF df
afdrsL bixaf hY. BfvyN pRgqIvfdI kivqf hmysLf qoN
hI sMGrsLsLIl qy agFhvDU rhI hY, iPr vI afDuink
pRgqIvfdI kivqf ivc mohn isMG df iek vwKrf mukfm
hY. mohn isMG ny surU ivc BfvyN pRym ipafr nf
sMbMiDq rcnf kIqI aqy iPr ivafkqIvfd vwl ruicq
irhf pr Aus dI pMjfbI sfihq ivc asl pCfx Aus dI
pRgqIvfdI kivqf ivc dyx kfrn hY. Aus dI kivqf
imhnqksL afvfm qy sMGrsLsLIl jmfq leI iek cfnx
munfrf hY. Aus ny hmysLf Aus vrg dI qrjmfnI kIqI
jo sdIaF qoN dwibaf kucilaf qy ijLwlq df jIvn
bqIq kr irhf hY. Aus ny ies jmfq ivcoN inrfsLf
dUr krky AunHF nUM sMGrsL dy mYdfn ivc kuwdx leI
pRyirq kIqf. Aus anusfr duwKF qoN mukqI df ieko
iek rfh smfjvfdI kRFqI hY, hwk kdy vI QflI'c pros
ky nhIN imldy, ieh qF hmysLf Kohy jFdy hn. ies
leI Aus ny afpxI kivqf ivc srmfeydfrI nUM
vMgfridaf kRFqI df ibgul vjfieaf hY;
bxky sLsqr cmkxy
qy ilsLkxy df sfnUM cfa
Cwz idwqf hY asF hux
ivc imafnF jMgxf.
{blijMdr pfl, ipMz qy zfkKfnf
KIvf klF, vfieaf BIKI, ijLlf mfnsf, pMjfb (ieMzIaf)}
e-mail:baljinderpal@gmail.com
-lyKk-