amrIkf
dI pHiswD nfvl-kfr, khfxIkfr, nftk-kfr aqy pwqrkfr
lyiKkf zjLUnf bfrns df klmI jIvn Ausdy afpxy inwjI
jIvn vFg hI bhu-prqI aqy idlcspI df kyNdr irhf hY.
Ausdf jIvn aqy ikrqF, rvfieqI, rfjnIqk, lYNigk aqy
klf dIaF hwdF bMny CohMdy, kftvIaF aqy iqrCIaF
AulMGxfvF df sMmUh hY . Auh pUry nwby sflF dI ho ky
mrI pr Ausdf bhuqf jIvn iek qrHF nfl afm sMsfr dy
lokF qoN axiBwj rih ky gujLiraf. amrIkn kvI, aflock,
sMpfdk aqy inbMDkfr iejLrf pfAUNz ny hor lyKkF aqy
kvIaF dIaF rcnfvF ivc shfieqf kIqI ijvyN ik jOies aqy
ielIat dI. zjLUnf bfrns vI iehnF ivcoN iek sI. sLfied
bfrns dy axiBwJ suBf kfrn hI iejLrf pfAUNz nUM Aus
bfry kuJ aijhf afKxf ipaf: zjLUnf bfrns, koeI bhuqI
ipafrI jF lfzlI iesqrI nhIN sI.
lyKk,
Aus sbMDI jfnxf cfhuMdf sI. Aus bfry pVHn qy pqf lwgf
ik cflI virHaF dI Aumr ivc zjLUnf bfrns bhuq iekFq
psMd sI. Auh sMinafsxF vFg, pYticn plys, grInivc ipMz
ivc afpxy hI mkfn Bfv insicq hujry jLF mwT ivc rihMdI
rhI. iewQy rihMidaF hI, Ausny agly pUry cfr dhfky,
smyN smyN isr afpxIaF rcnfvF nUM pUiraF kIqf. lyKk ny
pfieaf ik zjLUnf bfrns dy smuwcy jIvn df lgpg bhuqf
smF, iksy nf iksy ZMg dy afpUM shyVy bnvfs jF jlfvqnI
ivc hI gujLiraf. pihlF, Auh AuGy amrIkn sfihqk gruwp
dy mYNbr vjoN 1920 ivc pYrs ivc rhI aqy iPr afpxy hI
jwdI dys ivc afpxy ivakqIgq aqy aMqrmuKI suBf dI
kuiVkI ivc Psy hox kfrn, eykFqvfsI hI rhI.
mnuwK
afpxy mfqf-ipqf aqy ies ipCoN afpxy pirvysL df pRBfv
kbUl krdf hY. bfrns vI ies dy cMgy-mMdy pRBfv qoN
vFiJaF nf rih skI. bcpn ivc hosL afAux dI Aumr qoN
hI, Aus Auqy Ausdy ipqf dI mfqf arQfq dfdI jLfzyl
bfrns df pRBfv sI. ipqf ny afpxy ipqf dI QF afpxI
mfqf df goqr (srnym) Aus smyN apxfieaf jdoN Ausdy
mfqf-ipqf ny qlfk lY ilaf. dfdI jLfzyl bfrns muwZ qoN
hI zjLUnf bfrns dI ivsLvfsL Xog slfhkfr aqy pQ-prdrsLk
rhI. zjLUnf bfrns iewk qrHF nfl bhuq KusLiksmq sI ik
AusdI dfdI jLfzyl bfrns vI afpxy smyN dI iewk AuwGI
jrnilst sI. Auh iesqrIaF dI BlfeI aqy agFhvDU
koisLsLF dI smrQk sI. Ausn,y afpxI poqrI, zjLUnf
bfrns dIaF klmI koisLsLF nUM AuqsLfihq kIqf. pr iPr
vI kuJ vrqfry zjLUnf dy ivakqIqv leI Gfqk hI sfbq
hoey.
zjLUnf
df bfkI prvfrk ZFcf bhuq hI gLYr-rvfieqI sI. AusdI
mfqf, afpxy bicaF smyq, Ausdy ipqf dI rKYl (imstirs)
aqy Ausdy ds bwicaF nfl, ieko hI Cwq hyTF rihMdI rhI.
ieMJ rihxf ikMJ df hovygf iesdI klpnf krnI hI aOKI hY.
aTfrF virHaF dI Aumr ivc hI, zjLUnf bfrns, afpxy ipqf
dI rKYl dy, 52 virHaF dI Aumr dy Brf nfl, iewk gLYr-srkfrI
rsm AuprMq iekwiTaF rihx lwg peI. ieh sbMD kuJ mhIny
hI cl sky. zjLUnf ivwKr geI.
nIAuXfrk
dy gRInivc ipMz ivKy hI afrt stUzYNt lIg aqy afrt dy
hI pRYt ieMstIcIAut ivc aiDaYn krn dy smyN dOrfn hI
zjLUnf bfrns ny kivqfvF ilKIaF. 1915 ivc AusdIaF kuJ
kivqfvF aqy icqrF df sMigRh “dI buwk afP rIplisv
vumwn” (The Book of Repulsive Women: Eight
Rhythms and Five Drawings) pRkfsLq hoieaf. ies sMigRh
dI sPLlqf ny Aus nUM ilKx dI hor sLkqI aqy hOslf
pRdfn kIqf. ies smyN Auh ikwqy dy rUp ivc jLrniljLm
vlF pRyrI geI. kivqf qoN afrMB krky Ausny nfvl,
khfxIaF aqy nftkF dI isrjxf kIqI. bfrns afpxI klm
pRqI bhuq hI vPLfdfr aqy iemfndfr rhI. AusdIaF ilKqF
ivcoN pfTkF ny pfieaf ik Auh pUrI qndyhI nfl afpxI hr
rcnf dI rUh ivc sLfml rhI.
zjLUnf
bfrns ny afpxIaF ilKqF ivc sdf hI iemfndfr rihx df
ierfdf bxfieaf hoieaf sI. iesdI iek Audfhrx dyxI bxdI
hY. ies smyN, brqfnIaf ivc, sPirjst (iesqrIaF sbMDI
aiDkfrvfdIaF-) aqy sPrfijt df sMGrsL cilaf hoieaf sI.
sMGrsL df ipCokV ieh sI ik brqfnIaf ivc 1918 qk
pfrlImYNtrI coxF ivc iesqrIaF nUM vot dOx df aiDkfr
nhIN sI. Auh lok ijhVy ik pfrlImYNt aqy afm jnqf nUM
ies sbMDI sucyq krvFidaF kfnUMn pfs krvf ky iesqrIaF
nUM voitMg df aiDkfr idvfAuxf cfhuMdy sn “sPrijst”
kihlvfey. pr ies aMdoln ivc Bfg lYx vfly kuJ mYNbr
aijhy sn ijhVy ik grm iKaflF dy sn. iehnF nUM “sPrijts”
df nfm idwqf igaf.
afpxy
voitMg dy hwk dI prfpqI leI ieh “sPrijts”
kfnUMn dI AulMGxf kridaF BMn-qoV dIaF kfrvfeIaF vI
krdy sn. iesqrIaF dy hwkF dI duhfeI pfAux leI awgF
lfAuNdy, srkfrI iemfrqF nUM nuksfn phuMcfAuNdy qF jo
jnqf nUM ies bfry lgfqfr sucyq krdy rihx. iesqrI
aMdoln-kfrIaF dI lIzr imsyjL aYmyiln pYNkhrst sI.
AusdIaF do DIaF islvIaf qy zym ikRstfibl vI Ausdy nfl
hI sn.
ilbrl
pRfeIm minstr aYc: aYc: aYskuieQ iesqrIaF nUM voitMg
df hwk dyx dy ivruwD sI.. aMdolnkfrI ijhVy ik afm
mIitMgF krky lokF nUM ies sbMDI dsdy sn, AuhnF ivruwD
sKq kfrvfeIaF kIqIaF jFdIaF sn. pYNkhrst nUM awT bfr
jylH ivc suwitaf igaf. jylH suwty jfx vfly, jylH ivc
BuwK hVqfl krdy sn. aiDkfrI ieh nhIN sn cfhuMdy ik
AuhnF Auqy, jylH dI sjLf kwt rhyy aMdolnkfrIaF nUM
BuwKy mfry jfx df afrop lwgy aqy afm jnqf ivc hfhfkfr
mcy. ies leI jylH ivc BuwK-hVqfl krn vfilaF nUMM
jLbrdsqI iKlfieaf jFdf sI. dyKx-sunx nUM ieh soc bhuq
hI mfnv-vfdI lwgdI sI pr iesdy nqIjy bhuq hI iBafnk
inkldy sn. kYdIaF dy sMGoN cfr Puwt lMbI, rbV dI
nflI, iZwZ ivc Kfxf phuMcfAux leI ieMnI bydrdI nfl
DwkI jFdI sI ik sPirjts BuwK dI QF, rbV dI nflI nfl
sMG, iZwZ aqy PyPiVaF ivc hoey duKdfeI jLKmF aqy
jLKmF vjoN hoey ivgfV kfrn mr jFdy sn.
ies
aMdoln dI iek kfrkuMn aYimlI zYivsn ny 1913 ivc zrbI
dI GoV-dOV ivc dOVdy GoiVaF sfhmxy afpxy afp nUM suwt
ky afpxI jfn dI blI vI dy idwqI sI. lyiKkf zjLUnf
bfrns iehnF qsIhy Jlx vfilaF dI khfxI Auqy kMm krnf
cfhuMdI sI. afpxI Koj nUM mukMml krn aqy iehnF
qsIihaF nUM afpxy srIr Auqy inBfAuNidaF zjLUnf bfrns
ny rbV dy pfeIp afpxy sMGoN lMGF ky iZwZ qk phuMcfAux
dy qjrby kIqy qF jo Auh afpUM ieh dyK sky ik “sPrijts”
ikho ijhI qklIP sihMdy hoey mrdy sn. ies khfxI dI iek
qrHF nfl Auh afpUM hI gvfh sfbq hoeI.
zjLUnf
bfrns nUM ieMtrvIAU krn ivc muhfrq hfsl sI. 1920 ivc
Auh mYwkfljL mYgLjLIn leI ieMtrvIAUjL krn vfsqy XUrp
vI geI. pYrs ivc rihMidaF Auh ieQoN dy sfihqk smfj df
iek nfmvr aMg bxI. ieh smF “aYNglo-amyirkn”
afDuink ivcfrF df sI. pYrs rihMidaF hI Ausdf hor
lyKkF ijvyN ik jI: styn(Gertrude Stein), nftflI bfrnI
(Natalie Barney), mInf lOie (Mina Loy), tI:aYs:
ielIat, jymjL joies, jYint PlYnr aqy kya bOiel nfl
hoieaf. 1985 ivc hI AusdIaF su-pRiswD mulfkfqF ijhnF
ivc jymjL jOies (James Joyce), kukU
cYnl (Coco Chanel) aqy
aYlPrz stYgiltjL (Alfred Steiglitz) vI
sLfml hn, mUV ky prkfisLq hoeIaF. bfhr rihMidaF Ausdy
nF nfl keI qrHF dy skYNzl vI juVy. sMg-qrfsL QYlmf
vuwz nfl vI Ausdy sMbMDF dI crcf rhI pr AusdI ilKx
cfl ivc koeI kmI nf afeI.
Ausdy
pwqrkfrI dy kfrj ny zjLUnf bfrns dI buwDI nUM
inrIKxXog aqy sUJfqimk bnfAux ivc bhuq shfieqf kIqI.
ies qjrby ny AusnUM isafxI aqy pVcolvIN njLr bKsLI qF
jo Auh rfjnIqk, smfjk aqy lYNigk rIqI-rvfjL, lokfcfr
aqy BfeIcfrk isLsLtfcfr dy mUl qwqF, afcfr dy pRclq
dsqUrF aqy vrqfiraF qoN BlI BFiq jFxUM ho ky, afpxIaF
ikrqF ivc swc dy nyVy rih sky. ies pirvysL dy pRqIkrm
vjoN Auh afpxI iek ivlwKx sLYlI rfhIN pfTkF nUM kIlx
ivc sPLl rhI. 1928 ivc AusdI rcnf: lyzIjL aYlmfnYwk (Ladies
Almanack) CpI. ies rcnf ivc Ausny iek smilMg-BogI sMq
aqy mujLfhd df ibrqFqk rojLnfmcf pysL krn dI juraq
kIqI. zjLUnf bfrns ny afpxIaF ilKqF ivc kfmukqf,
ilMgqf aqy vKryvyN vrgy ivsLf-vsqUaF nUM vI ttoilaf
aqy Coihaf. 1936 ivc AusdI CpI mfstrpIs rcnf “nfeItvuwz”
(Nightwood)
nUM iek XfdgfrI rcnf vjoN jfixaf
jFdf hY. ies rcnf ivc Ausny 1920 dy smyN dOrfn pYrs
ivKy rOibn vot nF dI iek iesqrI df vrnx kIqf jo kfmuk
sbMDF ivc ainsicq vrqfry dI DfrnI sI. “pwK-pUrkF
df jVHoN AuKVyvF” bfrns dy afpxy jLfqI qjLrby df
pRqIkrm sI. ies rcnf nUM amrIkn jlfvqnF dI muwK
Audfhrx aqy mhfn rcnf dy rUp ivc svIkfiraf jFdf hY.
“nfeItvuwz”
dI rcnf smyN Ausdf sMpfdk pRiswD ilKfrI tI:aYs:
ielIat sI. zjLUnf bfrns, ielIat nUM “aMkl tfm”
krky sdwdI sI. 1940 ivc bfrns XUrp qoN gRInivc ipMz
muV afeI. ielIat ny 1958 ivc AusdI iek hor bhuq hI
aOKI rcnf: aYNtIPon (Antiphon) dI sMpfdnf kIqI.
blYNkvrs nftk vjo- ilKI ieh rcnf vI iek aijhy prvfr
nUM icqrdI hY ijhVf kfm-durAupXog kfrn agqIsLIl ho
jFdf hY. Aus dIaF hor bhuq sfrIaF rcnfvF vFg hI ies
rcnf nUM vI bhuq psMd kIqf igaf aqy nfl hI ies rcnf
Auqy kuJ AulJx vflI rcnf hox df lybl vI lwigaf. iek
rIvIAUkfr ny qF ieh itwpxI vI kIqI ik bfrns dI rcnf
ivc acMBy BrIaF nftkI kdrF kImqF df asMgqI pRgtfa ies
isLdq df hY ik jo kuJ vI Aus ny iliKaf Auh ieko hI
smyN BVkfAux aqy cuMiDafAux vflf hY.
duwK
dI gwl hY ik zjLUnf bfrns dy jIvn dy aMqm cflI vrHy
bhuq hI iekFq vfly aqy iek qrHF nfl grIbI ivc gujLry.
Aus vYrfgIaF vFg gupq jIvn ibqfieaf. AusdIaF ilKqF dI
pRkfsLnf GwtdI geI aqy Ausny “nYsLnl ieMzOimMt
Pfr dI afrts”, afpxy purfxy imwqrF aqy afpxIaF
ilKqF dy cfhux vfilaF pfsoN pYsy vJoN shfieqf lY ky
gujLr kIqf. sYimAul bYikt, pYgI ggnihm aqy ntflIa
bfrnI ny Aus dI BrpUr shfieqf kIqI. aMqly dhfky ivc
zjLUnf bfrns ieMnI iekFqvfsI ho geI sI ik Ausdf gvFZI
aqy kvI kMimMgjL (Cummings) afpxy
Gr dI iKVkI ivcoN afvfjL dy ky AusnUM puwCdf: zjLUnf!
kI hflF vI qUM ijAuNdI eyN?
AuNJ
zjLUnf bfrns afpxy aMqm smyN qk ilKdI rhI BfvyN bhuq
Gwt imkdfr ivc. AusdIaF kuul ds pusqkF pRkfsLq hoeIaF
aqy sfrIaF hI rcnfvF nUM mfx imilaf. nwby vrHy dI
Aumr ivc-- 1982 ivc-- jdo- AusdI mOq hoeI qF AusdI
rcnf: hr krIcrjL ien aYn aYlPfbYwt (Her Creatures
in an Alphabet) pRkfisLq hoeI. awj vI Aus dI hr
pVHI jFdI rcnf pihlF vFg hI pfTkF/aflockF dy BrvwitaF
nUM hrkq dy jFdI hY.
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