qsvIrF aqy lyKk: hrdIp isMG mfn

afstrIaf, afbfdI, ivafnf, afvfjfeI dy sfDn, BfrqIaF dy kMm-kfj, BfrqI jn-jIvn, smisafvF, do injI qjrby, aMq

afE iek aijhy dyÈ dI klpnf krIey ijs ivc Drm-inrpwKqf, iensfnI-brfbrI, kfƒn dI pflxF, mnwuKI aËfdI aqy hr adfry qy inXMqrx hovy, ijwQy srkfrI jF ÊYr-srkfrI adfry rMg, nsl, mËHb aqy vwKrI idwK dy afDfr qoN ibnF kMm krn. jy dUjy ÈbdF ivc khIey, iek afm nfgirk afpxy dyÈ jF Èihr qoN ÈwuD hvf-pfxI, surwiKaq-jIvn, roËgfr, srkfrI shUlqF, buuinafdI hwk, ÈFqI aqy iensfÌ dI AumId rwKdf hY. hux dyKdy hF, kI ieh sfrIaF KUbIaF afstrIaf dyÈ ivc hn?

afstrIaf:

afstrIaf, sMsfr dy nkÈy Aupr iek Cotf ijhf idsx vflf dyÈ awj qoN 92 sfl pihlF bhuq vwzf huMdf sI. pUry dy pUry dyÈ cYko, slfvfkIaf, hMgrI, slvynIaf, ilKqnstfeIn aqy kuJ ielfky rumfnIaf, ietlI, polYNz aqy XUkryn dy afstrIaf ivc Èfml sn. afstrIaf vfry bhuqy lokF ƒ jfxkfrI nf hox krky Auh ies ƒ afstrylIaf nFv qy bdl idMdy hn. afstrIaf df ÉyqrPl 83,858 vrg iklomItr hY, Bfv Bfrq df iek rfj 'aruxfcl pRdyÈ' pUry afstrIaf dy brfbr hY. afstrIaf dy 9 rfj hn. 'ivafnf' afstrIaf dI rfjDfnI hY. afstrIaf dy awT guafZI dyÈF dy nfm jrmn, sivËrlYNz, ilKqnstfeIn, ietlI, slvynIaf, hMgrI, slfvfkIaf aqy cYko hn. ies dyÈ df kfnUMnI koeI Drm nhIN. vYsy, afstrIaf ivc 78% kYQoilk, 5% pRYtYstYNt, 2% muslm Drm dy lok rihMdy hn. iewQoN dI bolI ƒ aMgRyËI ivc 'jrmn' aqy jrmn ivc 'zuc' kihMdy hn, Bfv ies dyÈ ƒ aMgyRËI ivc 'afstrIaf' aqy jrmn jF zuc ivc 'AustrfhIÉ' kihMdy hn, iesy qrHF hI rfjDfnI ƒ aMgRyËI ivc 'ivafnf' aqy jrmn jF zuc ivc 'vIn' kihMdy hn.

srvyKxF anusfr afstrIaf ivc iËafdfqr mrd 75 sfl aqy aOrqF 81 sfl qwk Aumr BogdIaF hn. afstrIaf ivc isrÌ cfr rfjnIiqk pfrtIaF qfkq ivc hn. afstrIan nfgirk ƒ afm qOr qy 20% tYks dyxF pYNdf hY. afstrIaf dI qrwkI df rfj iewQy vwzI igxqI ivc sYlfnIaF df afAuxF hY. sfl dy 1,5 imlIan sYlfnI iewkly ivafnf ƒ dyKx afAuNdy hn aqy ieh igxqI hr sfl vwD vI jFdI hY. afstrIaf vI dyÈ bfry mÈhUrI aqy sYlfnIaF dI mMgF ƒ pUrIaF krn ivc koeI ksr nhIN Cwzdf.

ies dyÈ ny hr qrHF dy mhfn ivakqI pYdf kIqy ijvyN aiBnyqf, iKzfrI, lyKk, sMgIqkfr vgYrf vgYrf, ijnHF ny sMsfr Br ivc afstrIaf df nfm Aucf kIqf aqy kr rhy hn. mÈhUr aiBnyqf 'afrnolz svfrcynIgr', ijs ny 'kmfzo' aqy 'df trmInytr' vrgIaF aMgRyËI iPlmF ivc kMm kIqf aqy hux vI Aus dIaF nvIaF iPlmF af rhIaF hn, Aus df jnm afstrIaf dy iek Èihr 'grfs' ivc hI hoieaf hY. afstrIaf dy iek sMsfr pRiswD iKzfrI df nfm 'hrmn mfar' hY, ijs ny srdI-ruwq dIaF KyzF ivc afstrIaf leI keI sony dy qmgy ijwqy. ijs qrHF afrnolz ƒ lokIN ipafr nfl 'trmInytr' kihMdy hn, Ausy qrHF hrmn ƒ 'hrmInytr' kihMdy hn. afstrIaf dy hor mÈhUr hsqIaF bfry jfxn leI ies pqy qy http://www.anto.com/yep.html dwbo.

afbfdI Gwt hox krky hr afstrIan nfgirkqf pRfpq mrd ƒ 18 qoN 35 sfl dI Aumr dy ivc 8 mhIny ÌOj dI isKlfeI leI jfxF pYNdf hY, qFik lVfeI lwgx qy sfry mrd afpxy kMm-kfr Cwz ky dyÈ leI lVHn leI pihlF qoN hI iqafr rihx. aOrqF ÌOjI isKlfeI jF ÌOj ivc BrqI hox leI svY-ieCuk jf skdIaF hn, pr srIrk aqy mfnisk qOr qy sMpUrn mrdF ƒ kfƒnI jfxF pYNdf hY. ÌOjI isKlfeI dOrfn srkfrI ibwl mfÌ kr idwqy jFdy hn aqy ÌOjI dy KricaF anusfr mflI mdd vI idwqI jFdI hY.

afstrIaf ivc 6 qoN 15 sfl dI Aumr dy bwicaF df skUly jfxF ËrUrI hY. iewQy srkfrI skUlF dI pVHfeI muÌq hY, isrÌ ikqfbF dI 10% kImq dyxI pYNdI hY, pr AunI ku srkfr vloN vI mflI mdd iml jFdI hY. XUnIvristI ivc pVHnF vI iesy qrHF hI hY, srkfr pVHfeI df Ércf iek hwQ dy ky dUjy hwQ lY lYNdI hY. ividafrQIaF ƒ hor bhuq sfrIaF shUlqF imldIaF hn, ijvyN jnqk gwzIaF dy pfs ivc Cot.

afstrIaf ivc ipCly kuJ sflF qoN bhuq Gwt bwcy pYdf kIqy jf rhy hn, sfl 2001 ivc ipCly sfl nfloN 3000 bwcy Gwt pYdf hoey, ies leI srkfr dyÈ dy BivwK leI bhuq icMqk hY. ikAuNik jy dyÈ dI afbfdI ivc vfDf nhIN huMdf jF bhuq hOlI huMdf hY qF pYnÈnF kOx Brygf? icMqkF ƒ zr hY ik jy afbfdI ivc vfDf nhIN hoieaf qF sfl 2035 ivc pYnÈnF dyxIaF asMBv ho jfxgIaF. iesy krky vwD qoN vwD bwcy pYdf krn df lflc idwqf jf irhf hY, ijvyN srkfr vloN bwicaF dy pflx-poÈx leI mflI mdd dyxI, mF koloN bwcy dy bfp df nfm nf puwCxF. hor ivkisq dyÈ vFg iewQy vI bwicaF ƒ mfrnf-kuwtxF kfƒnI Ëulm hY. skUlF ivc smyN smyN qy bwicaF dI srIrk aqy mfnisk jFc kIqI jFdI hY. mF-bfp ƒ vI bwcy dy pflx-poÈx leI srkfr vloN vI mflI mdd dy nfl nfl sÉq hdfieqF vI idwqIaF jFdIaF hn. rfqF ƒ CotI Aumr dy bwicaF ƒ nfl lY ky GMumxF mnHF hY.

hor jo sB kuJ bfkI ivkisq dyÈF ivc huMdf hY, Auh iewQy vI huMdf hY. iewQy vI jvfn muMzy-kuVIaF ƒ hwdoN vwD afËfdI hY. sVkF qy nMgyËvfd aqy muMzy-kuVIaF dIaF aÈlIl hrkqF afm dyKx 'c afAuNdIaF hn. kuVIaF 22 sflF dIaF ho ky pirvfr nfloN vwK ho ky rihx lwg pYNdIaF hn aqy muMzy 24 sfl dy. ivafnf ivc 44[5% lok iewkly rih rhy hn. iewQy vI bMdy bMidaF nfl ivafh krvfeI jf rhy hn aqy aOrqF aOrqF nfl. ax-ivafhy iewkiTaF rihx df ruJfn vwD irhf hY. afstrIaf ivc sfl 2001 pYdf hoey hr qIjy bwcy dy mF-bfp ax-ivafhy hn.

afbfdI:

ies dyÈ dI jnsMiKaf sfl 2001 dy srkfrI aMkiVaF anusfr 80,65,465 sI. hYrfnI dI gwl hY ik ies dy sfry hI rfjF ivc aOrqF dI igxqI iËafdf hY. iekwly ivafnf Èihr ivc mrdF nfloN 86,000 iËafdf aOrqF rih rhIaF hn, kuJ lokF leI Èfied ieh svrg dI klpnf hovygI. mrdF aqy aOrqF df vwzI igxqI ivc ieh aMqr sMsfr XuwDF ivc bhuqy mrdF df mfry jfxf aqy ivkisq smfj ivc DI-puwqr ƒ iek brfbr smJxF hY. ipCly ds sflF ivc afstrIaf dI afbfdI 3[5% vDI hY. sfry afstrIaf ivc 9[3% lokF kol afstrIan nfgirkqf nhIN hY, jo ik XUrpIan XUnIan dyÈF nfloN sB qoN vwD hY. pRvfsIaF ivc iËafdf XUgo, slfvIan, turkI aqy polYNzIan hn.

aÉbfrF vycx dy kMm leI ivÈyÈ vIËy KulHx krky sfl 1980 ivc BfrqIaf ny afstrIaf afAuxF ÈurU kIqf. afstrIaf ivc sfl 2001 ivc 5127 BfrqI nfgirkqf vflyy drj sn. ipCly sfl 91 BfrqI bwicaF ny afstrIaf ivc jnm ilaf. 678 BfrqIaF ny sfl 2001 ivc afstrIan pfsport ley, ijnHF ivcoN iËafdfqr aOrqF aqy bwcy sn. srkfrI aMkiVaF qoN pqf lwgdf hY ik afstrIaf dy sfry rfjF ivc afpxy BfrqI hn, pr vwzI igxqI, sfl 2001 ivc 3756 BfrqI nfgirkqf vfly, ivafnf ivc hI hY. jy sfry afstrIaf ivc sfl 1979 qoN lY ky sfl 2001 qwk BfrqI pfsportF ƒ dy ky afstrIan pfsport lYx vfilaF dI igxqI df kul joV lfeIey qF ieh 5670 bxdI hY. iËafdfqr pMjfb aqy kyrlf qoN BfrqI afstrIaf ivc hn. dyKx ivc afieaf hY ik iewQy hor dyÈF dy nfgirkF nfloN BfrqIaF ƒ vIËy aqy afstrIan pfsport sOKy aqy CyqI iml jFdy hn. Èfied ienHF ƒ BfrqIaF dy imhnqI, amnpsMd aqy KulHy suBfa vfry pqf hY. sfl 2001 ivc 429 BfrqI afstrIaf Cwz ky cly gey. srkfrI aMkiVaF anusfr sfl 1978 ivc pihlI bfr 8 BfrqIaF ny afstrIan isafsI-pnfh leI sI, pr sfl 2000 ivc ieh vD ky 2441 ho geI. sfl 2001 ivc 1804 BfrqI isafsI pnfhgIr sn. sB qoN vwD iewQy aÌgfinsqfn aqy ierfn qoN lok isafsI pnfh leI afAuNdy hn.

ivafnf:

ikAuNik hr dyÈ dI rfjDfnI Aus dyÈ df kyNdrI Durf huMdf hY, ies krky 'ivafnf' bfry ivsQfrpUrk dwsdy hF. ivafnf ivc roËgfr dy sfDn iËafdf hox krky iewQy sMsfr dy sfry dyÈF dy lok rihMdy hn. sfl 2001 ivc isrÌ 6[1% nfgirk afstrIaf ivc byruËgfr sn. BfvyN ivafnf afstrIaf dy bfkI rfjF nfloN sB qoN Cotf hY, pr rfjDfnI hox krky ies dI afbfdI (15,62,482) bfkI rfjF nfloN iËafdf hY, iesy krky hI sfry rfjF nfloN vwD ivafnf dy 17[7% lokF kol afstrIan nfgirkqf nhIN hY. ivafnf ivc jgHf QoVHI aqy afbfdI iËafdf hox krky iËafdfqr lok PlYtF (iblizMgF) ivc rihMdy hn, isrÌ 8[1% lok afpxy GrF (hfAUs) ivc rihMdy hn. ivafnf dy PlYtF dI kImq lgpg ieMglYNz dy GrF ijMnI hY.

afstrIaf ivc kMm krn vfilaF ƒ sfl dIaF cOdF qnÉfhF imldIaF hn aqy sfl dIaF 15 srkfrI CuwtIaF huMdIaF hn. vDyry srkfrI CuwtIaF dI igxqI ivc vI afstrIaf mohrI dyÈF ivc afAuNdf hY. ies qoN ielfvf kfmF qnÉfh qy sfl ivc pMj hÌqy dIaF CuwtIaF lY skdf hY.

ivafnf dI sÌfeI dI gwl krIey qF iewQy hr qrHF dy kUVy leI vwKrf kUVydfn hY. iËafdfqr bhu-mMiËlI iemfrqF ivc do qrHF dy kUVydfn huMdy hn. iek ivc kfgË aqy dUsry ivc sB kuJ suwt skdy ho. iblizMgF qoN kuJ dUrI qy Cy qrHF dy kUVydfn rwKy huMdy hn, ijnHF ivc plfsitk, Puwl-bUty, rMgIn kwc, icwtf kwc, lohf aqy kwpVy suwty jFdy hn. QoVI-QoVI dUrI qy ink-suk suwtx leI Coty-Coty zwby lwgy hoey hn. ivafnf dy sfÌ-suQry vfqvrx ƒ brkrfr rwKdy hoey ipwCy ijhy Èihr vloN hor ÈuwD hvf leI iek bhuq vDIaf skIm ÈurU kIqI geI hY, ijs ivc 1500 sfiekl ivafnf ivc vwK-vwK jgHf qy rwKy gey, jo ik hr iek nfgirk do XUro sfiekl dy ijMdry ivc pf ky ikrfey qy lY skdf hY.

iek XUrp XUnIan dy tYst nqIjy anusfr ivafnf ivc Kfx-pIx dIaF cIËF pYirs aqy lMzn nfloN ssqIaF hn. ivafnf ivc koeI vI aijhI jgHF nhIN ijwQy pRvfsI ƒ jfx dI ieËfjq nf hovy. hor, sfl 2001 ivc jurm dIaF vfrdfqF 7[7% aqy sVk durGtnfvF 36% GtIaF hn.

ivafnf dunIaF dy 215 vwzy ÈihrF ivcoN dUjy nMbr qy afAuNdf hY, ijwQy smfijk bxqr bhuq vDIaf hY. iewQy rfjnIiqk, smfijk, srIrk, mnorMjn, ividaf, KrIddfrI aqy rihx dIaF shUlqF bhuq vDIaf hn. ivafnf vfsIaF leI ies qoN vwzI ÉuÈI dI hor kI gwl ho skdI hY.

ihMdI iÌlmF 'albylf' aqy 'kuC KwTI, kuC imTI' dy muwK gfxy ivc qusIN ivafnf dy kuJ mnBfAuNdy nËfry dyK skdy ho.

afvfjfeI dy sfDn:

ivafnf ivc afvfjfeI dy sfDnF dIaF ijMnI isÌq krIey AunI QoVHI hY, afm qOr qy iewQy kfr KrIdx dI loV hI nhIN. iewQy 24 GMty jnqk gwzIaF dI shUlq hY. ivafnf dI 34% jnqf jnqk gwzIaF rfhI kMmF qy phuMcdI hY. srvyKx dwsdy hn ik XUrp dy hor vwzy ÈihrF dI jnqf isrÌ 24-25% jnqk gwzIaF rfhIN sÌr krdI hY.

jy qusIN ivafnf ivc iek jgHf qoN dUsrI jgHf qy jfxF hovy qF qusIN not krogy ik AuQy phuMcx leI quhfƒ koeI nf koeI jnqk gwzI ËrUr imlygI. ieh vI nhIN ik isrÌ ieko-iewk bs jF gwzI Aus jgHf qy jFdI hovygI, keI vfrI qF do-do iqMn-iqMn shUlqF vI imldIaF hn, iPr smyN ƒ muwK rwK ky PYslf krnf pYNdf hY. ieko sÌr-pfs nfl qusIN sfry ivafnf ivc iksy vI jnqk bs, BUmIgq, ËmIndoj jF ryl gwzI ivc sÌr kr skdy ho. sfry ivafnf ivc clx vflIaF jnqk bwsF, ËmIndoj aqy BUmIgq gwzIaF dI igxqI 126 hY. hr awzy qy nFm, smF, awzy df afly-duafly df nkÈF aqy sfrI bws jF gwzI dI lfeIn qoN hor imlx vflIaF bwsF-gwzIaF dy nMbr ilKy huMdy hn. iesy qrHF hI bwsF aqy gwzIaF dy aMdr vI hr awzy df nFm aqy AuQoN hor imlx vflIaf bwsF-gwzIaF dy nMbr typ-mÈIn nfl ilKy aqy boly jFdy hn. jykr iksy kfrx typ-mÈIn Érfb hovy qF cflk ƒ hr awzy df nFm Éud mfiek ivc bolx dy afdyÈ hn. iewQy iËafdfqr bwsF-gwzIaF dI 5 qoN 10 imMt dI shUlq hY. bwsF-gwzIaF aMdr loVvMdF leI ivÈyÈ jgHf aqy sItF rfKvIaF hn, ijvyN bËurgF leI, aMinaF leI, grBvqI aOrqF leI aqy inafxF-ryVHI leI. XfqrI sÌr df vwD qoN vwD Pfiedf AuTf skx, ies krky bwsF-gwzIaF ivc ivÈyÈ roËfnF aÉbfrF aqy rsfly pVHn leI muÌq imldy hn.

ivafnf ivc afvfjfeI dy sfDnF dI iek bhuq vwzI KUbI ieh hY ik iewQy kMtrol nfloN ivÈvfs ƒ pihl hY, Bfv XfqrI bwsF-gwzIaF dy cflkF ƒ bgYr itkt jF pfs idKfey iksy vI drvfËy rfhI cVH aqy Auqr skdy hn. isrÌ itkt-cYkr hI itkt cYk krdf hY. jdoN itkt-cYkr itkt cYk krky hr iek XfqrI ƒ 'dFky' (ÈukrIaf) kihMdf hY qF ieh dyK ky idl 'vfh vfh' kr AuTdf hY. myry afpxy injI qjrby anusfr itkt-inrIKk kdy kdy qF idn ivc iek jF do vfrI iml jFdy hn aqy kdy sfl Br nhIN imldy. srvyKxF muqfibk ivafnf ivc roËfnf qkrIbn 300 XfqrI bgYr itkt dy sÌr krdy PVy jFdy hn. PVy jfx qy XfqrI ƒ mhInf-pfs dI kImq aqy iek itkt dI kImq ijMnf jurmfnf Brnf pYNdf hY. dyKx ivc afieaf hY ik jdoN koeI XfqrI bgYr itkt dy sÌr krdf PiVaf jFdf hY qF dohF pfsoN bVy hI ÈFqI nfl sfrI kfrvfeI kIqI jFdI hY. iewQy sfrf kMm-kfj kMipAUtr rfhIN hox krky XfqrI dy ÈnfKqI kfrz qoN nfm-pqf ilK ilaf jFdf hY (jy XfqrI kol nkd pYsy nhI hn) aqy Cwz idwqf jFdf hY.

BfrqIaF dy kMm-kfj:

ikAuNik awj pMjfb dy iËafdfqr nOjvfn bfhrly mulkF vfry afpxy mn ivc svrgF dy Brm pflI bYTy hn, Bfv Auh smJdy hn ik iek vfrI bfhr phuMc gey, iPr qF notF dy mINh pYxy ÈurU ho jfxgy. pr AunHF ƒ ieh nhIN pqf huMdf ik kMm qF iewQy af ky vI krny pYNdy hn. sgoN iewQoN dy kMm iËafdf aOKy hn. ies krky sB qoN pihlF ijhVy nOjvfn ÊYr-kfƒnI qrIky nfl afstrIaf phuMcdy hn aqy iewQy af ky isafsI pnfh lYNdy hn, AunHF dy kMm-kfrF bfry ivsQfrpUrvk dwsdy hF.

iËafdfqr isafsI pnfhgIr GrF ivc pypr pfAux df kMm krdy hn. ieh cfr qrHF dy kMm hn. rfqF ƒ aÉbfrF pfAuxIaF (gbIq), iek jgHF KVH ky aÉbfrF vycxIaF (plys), idn ƒ mÈhUrI prcy pfAuxy (PYbrf) aqy hÌqF-aMq qy sVkF dy KMiBaF nfl aÉbfrF tMgxIaF (kfsy). ienHF kMmF ƒ krn leI qfkqvr lwqF dI ËrUrq pYNdI hY. pihlF-pihl qF pypr pfAux dy kMm soKy iml jFdy sn, pr hux isafsI pnfhgIrF dI igxqI vwD jfx krky kMm imlx qwk keI vfrI Cy-Cy mhIny lg jFdy hn.

gbIq leI sB qoN pihlf awDI rfq ƒ AuT ky svyr ƒ ivkx vflI aÉbfr leI inÈicq jgHf qy phuMcxF huMdf hY. aÉbfrF dy bMzlF ƒ sfieklF qy Zoh ky nfl idwqI hoeI sUcI muqfibk svyr dy Cy vjy qwk PlYtF aqy GrF ivc pfAuxF huMdf hY. sUcI ieMnI lMbI huMdI hY ik afÉrI aÉbfr pfAux qwk iqMn-cfr GMty lg jFdy hn. Auprokq dwsy anusfr ivafnf ivc iËafdfqr lok PlYtF ivc rihMdy hn. so, keI vfrI ieMJ vI huMdf hY ik iek aÉbfr pfAux leI swqvI-awTvI mMiËl qy cVHnf Auqrnf pYNdf hY. iewQy ieh gwl ilKxI bxdI hY ik ivafnf Èihr rfq ƒ vI Aunf surwiKaq hY ijMnf idn ƒ, iesy krky hux qwk kdy vI suxn 'c nhIN afieaf ik rfqF ƒ kMm krn vfilaF ƒ nslvfd, kuwt-mfr jF iksy hor pRyÈfnI df sfhmxF krnf ipaf hovy. ies kMm df vwzf ihwsf lwdy hoey sfiekl ƒ clfAuxF aqy bhumMiËlI-iemfrqF dIaF pOVHIaF cVHnIaF-AuqrnIaF hY. ieh kMm swqy idn krnf pYNdf hY.

vYsy qF iewQy vI aÉbfrF dukfnF qoN iml jFdIaF hn, pr cOkF aqy jnqk gwzIaF dy awizaF qy KVH ky vI svyr-Èfm ƒ aÉbfrF vycIaF jFdIaF hn. ies kMm ƒ plys afKdy hn. svyr dI plys leI aMimRq vyly AuT ky inÈicq jgHF qoN aÉbfrF dy bMzl lYxy huMdy hn aqy aÉbfr vycx vflI jgHF qy phuMc ky aÉbfr kMpnI vloN idwqI vrdI pf ky KVHnf huMdf hY. Pyr svyr dy pMj-Cy vjy qoN lY ky noN-ds vjy qwk hr afAuNdy-jFdy ƒ aÉbfr dy nFm rfhI hokf dy ky aÉbfrF vycIaF jFdIaF hY. iesy qrHF Èfm ƒ pMj-Cy vjy qoN lY ky rfq dy noN-ds vjy qwk aÉbfrF vycIaF jFdIaF hY. jnqk gwzIaF dy awizaF nfloN cOkF jF tRrYiÌk ieÈfiraF qy KVH ky aÉbfrF vycxIaF iËafdf aOKIaF hn, ikAuNik lfl bwqI hox qoN bfad KVHIaF kfrF ivc GMum-iPr ky hoky rfhI aÉbfrF vycxIaF aqy hrI bwqI hox qy ÌurqI nfl muV afpxI jgHf qy afAuxF pYNdf hY. iewQy ieh vI iËkrXog hY ik jy afm bMdf ƒ iksy ieÈfry qy do-iqMn GMty KVHnf pY jfvy qF gwzIaF-kfrF dy Èor krky XkInn Ausdy kMn vjx lwg pYxgy.

sfry ivafnf ivc iËafdfqr ivdyÈI kMpnIaF aqy afstrIan kMpnIaF dy afm jn-jIvn ivc vrqoN afAux vfly sfmfn dy vwzy vwzy stor hn. CotIaF-motIaF dukfnF bhuq Gwt hn. ies krky jdoN koeI kMpnI kuJ cIËF ssqIaF lfAuNdI hY qF Auh ssqIaF cIËF dy ieko vfrI mÈhUrI prcy Cpvf ky sfry ivafnf ivc vMzdI hY. ies kMm ƒ PYbrf kihMdy hn. PYbrf krn leI vI sB qoN pihlF aimRMq vyly AuT ky aqy inÈicq jgHF qy phuMc ky kfimaF dI kqfr ivc lwgxF pYNdf hY. jy kMm iËafdf hovy qF sfry kfimaF ƒ idhfVI df kMm imldf hY, nhIN qF purfxy kfimaF dI pihl huMdI hY aqy bfkIaF ƒ ltky mUMhF nfl vfps Gr jfxf pYNdf hY. iek ryVHI qy mÈhUrI-prcy lwd ky nfl idwqI hoeI sUcI anusfr Cy-swq iblizMgF dy PlYtF dy drvfiËaF nfl prcy tMgxy huMdy hn. ivafnf ivc iËafdfqr iblizMgF pMj qoN awT mMiËlF hn. kMm Éqm krn leI Cy-swq GMty lwg jFdy hn. ieMnHF Cy-swq GMitaF ivc dovyN bfhF qy prcy rwK ky aqy gly ivc plfsitk ilPfPy pf ky dOV-dOV ky pOiVHaF cVHnIaF-AuqrnIaF pYNdIaF hn. hux qusIN afp soc skdy ho ik lgfqfr Cy-swq GMty pOVHIaF cVH-Auqr ky lwqF df kI hfl huMdf hovygf?

hÌqy dy aMq ivc aÉbfrF sVkF dy KMiBaF nfl lfeIaF kMuzIaF qy aÉbfrF vwzy-vwzy plfsitk ilPfPy ivc pf ky, Auqy nkdI zwbf lf ky, tMg ky vycIaF jFdIaF hY. iewQy iPr duhrfAuxF pfvygf ik afstrIaf ivc ivÈvfs ƒ pihl idwqI jFdI hY, ikAuNik iewQy ies qrHF nhIN huMdf ik jy qusIN pYsy pfAugy qd hI qusIN aÉbfr bfhr kwZ skdy ho. nhIN. aÉbfr vfly lPfPy qy mINh-brÌ qoN bcfa leI mfmUlI ijhf plfsitk df Zwkx huMdf hY. ieh iewQoN dy lokF dI iemfndfrI aqy AucI soc hI hY ik Auh pYsy pf ky hI aÉbfr kwZdy hn. jy ibnF pYsy pfey hI lokIN aÉbfr kwZdy huMdy qF hÌqF-aMq qy aÉbfrF tMg ky vycx df ieh qrIkf kdoN df PylH ho cuwkf huMdf.

ijs ZMg nfl ieh aÉbfrF tMgIaF jFdIaF hn, Auh ZMg Éqrnfk aqy ishq leI nukfsdyh hY. aÉbfrF tMgx vflf pihlF vwzI vYn ivc hI aÉbfrF vflf ilPfPf iqafr krdf hY ijvyN igx ky aÉbfrF pfAuxIaF, nkdI zwbf lfAuxF. sfry rfh ivc gwzI df iek vwzf drvfËf KuwlHf rwiKaf jFdf hY aqy Aus Kuwly drvfËy rfhIN aÉbfr tMgx vflf hr moV qy aÉbfr tMg ky, dOV-dOV ky Auqrdf-cVHdf hY. ikAuNik aÉbfrF hr moV qy tMgxIaF huMdIaF hn aqy gwzI swp vFg vwl KFdI jFdI hY, ies krky nvyN bMdy ƒ AultIaF lwgxF afm gwl hY. sfry rfh ivc gwzI df drvfËf KuwlHf hox krky cldI gwzI ivcoN bfhr izwgx df Éqrf bixaf rihMdf hY. jy aÉbfr sVk dy dUsry pfsy tMgxI hovy aqy smy dI bcq ƒ iDafn ivc rwKdy hoey ibnHF afly-duafly dyKy hI Bwj ky dUsry pfsy jfx dI koiÈÈ ivc durGtnf vI ho skdI hY. iek idn aÉbfrF tMgx jfxF huMdf hY aqy dUsry idn Auqfrn. lgpg 500 ilPfiPaF ƒ tMgx leI cfr ku GMty df smF lgdf hY.

mINh, hnHyrI aqy brÌ pYx qy ieh cfry kMm krny hor vI aOKy ho jFdy hn. isafsI pnfh qoN lY ky vIËf lwgx qwk dI khfxI, jo afm qOr qy dyKx-suxn ƒ imldI hY, Auh sMKyp rUp ivc ieMJ bxdI hY. pihlI bfrI isafsI pnfh leI idwqI geI arËI df jvfb afAux qwk sfl-Cy mhIny lwg jFdy hn. jykr arËI nfmMnËUr ho jFdI hY qF pnfhgIr muV ivcfr krn leI hor do vfrI arËIaF dy skdf hY. ies qrHF dubfrf arËIaF dy-dy ky lgpg iqMn sfl lMGfa ley jFdyy hn. ienHF iqMnF sflF ivc pyprF df kMm kr ky pnfhgIr cMgy pYsy bxf lYNdy hn. ienHF pYisaF nfl Auh Bfrq ivc cwikaf hoieaf krËf vI lfh lYNdy hn aqy pwky hox leI afstrIan pfsport vflI kuVI nfl kfgËI ivafh krvf lYNdy hn. afstrIaf ivc iËafdfqr muMzy kfgËI ivafh krvf ky hI pwky huMdy hn. jykr koeI muMzf bgYr loVINdy dsqfvyË PiVaf jFdf hY qF ËylH ivc Auh BuwK hVqfl kr idMdf hYY. jdoN Aus df iek hwd qwk Bfr Gwt jFdf hY qF puils ƒ zfktr dI slfh nfl muMzy ƒ CwzxF pYNdf hY. kuJ icr pihlF hI iek muMzf ËylH ivc idhfVI dI iek-awDI glfsI pfxI pI ky 22 idnF ivc 13 iklo Bfr Gtf ky Cuwitaf hY.

ijhnF BfrqIaf ƒ zMg-tpfAU jrmn bolI bolxI afAuNdI hY, Auh afstrIaf dy hotlF aqy PYktrIaF ivc afpxI Xogqf anusfr kMm kr rhy hn. BfrqIaF df iek vwzf ihwsf afstrIaf dy amrIkn mYkzonlz ivc kMm kr irhf hY. bhuqIaF BfrqI bIbIaF hotlF ivc sfÌ-sÌfeI aqy afpxI Xogqf anusfr kMm kr rhIaF hn. dwKxI Bfrq qoN afeIaF vDyry aOrqF iËafdfqr nrsF df kMm krdIaF hn. ijhVy BfrqI afpxI vwKrI idwK krky jF hor kfrnF krky mYkzonlz jF PYktrIaF ivc kMm nhIN kr skdy jF nhIN krnf cfhuMdy, AunHF ny afpxy kMm KolHy hoey hn. ivafnf ivc pMdrF ku BfrqI Kfx-pIx dIaF dukfnF hn. pUry afstrIaF ivc 51 BfrqI rYstoNrYNt hn. kuJ BfrqI, myilaF ivc Pwty lf ky kwpVy aqy hor ink-suk vI vycdy hn. keIaF ny pIËy vI KolHy hoey hn. bfkI bcdy BfrqI afpxI ividak Xogqf, soc aqy smJ anusfr vwK vwK qrHF dy kMm kr rhy hn.

BfrqI jn jIvn:

afstrIaf ivc iqMn gurdvfry hn. 'guurdvfrf sFJI vfl' sflËbrg ivc hY aqy do gurdvfry 'gurdvfrf nfnk dyv' aqy 'gurdUafrf isMG sBf' ivafnf ivc hn. iswK sMgqF dI igxqI ivc idn-b-idn vfDf hox krky ivafnf dy dovyN gurdvfiraF ƒ hor vwzf bxfAux bfry soicaf jf irhf hY. Kflsy df 300 sflf sfjnf-idvs qy 'gurdvfrf nfnk dyv' dI pRbMDk kmytI ny pYdl-ngr kIrqn dI mnËUrI leI Èihr dy pRDfn ƒ bynqI kIqI sI. Aus smyN pYdl ngr kIrqn dI qF mnËUrI nhIN sI imlI, pr kfrF ivc ngr kIrqn kwZx leI mnËUrI dy idwqI geI sI. pr Pyr vI afstrIaf dI rfjDfnI 'ivafnf' dy kyNdr ivc, jo ik sfry iËilHaF ivcoN mihMgf aqy sohxF iËlHF hY, mnËUrI imlxI iswK Drm dy pRcfr leI afpxy afp ivc iek vwzI pRfpqI sI. Aus smyN puils dI gwzIaF aqy motrsfieklF dI surwiKaF ivc aqy pMj ipafiraF dI agvfeI hyT Kflsy df 300 sflf sfjnf idvs bVI DUmDfm nfl mnfieaf igaf. pr Aus qoN bfad hux qwk hr sfl Kflsy df sfjnf idvs bVI DUmDfm nfl gurdvfry ivc hI mnf ilaf jFdf hY.

afstrIaf ivc iswK Drm dI mfnqf leI iek vfr iswKF dy pfsport kfpIaF aqy dsqÉq 'gurdvfrf nfnk dyv' pRbMDk kmytI vloN iewkTy krky iewQoN dI srkfr ƒ idqy gey sn, pr srkfr vloN hux qwk koeI jvfb nhIN afieaf. AumId hY ik afAuNdy smyN ivc ies kMm ivc kfmXfbI imlygI. iswKF aqy ihMdUaF dI qfËI igxqI bfry ies sfl dy aMq ivc pqf lwgygf. ivafnf ivc pMj ihMdU mMdr hn.

afstrIaf ivc do sihqk sBfvF 'pMjfbI sihq sBf afstrIaf' ivafnf ivc aqy 'pMj pfxI sfihq sBf' sflËbrg ivc hn. iek 'ivkfs pMjfbI siBafcfr susfietI' hY. ipCly kuJ sflF ivc isrÌ ieko iek dIvflI df vwzf pRogrfm hoieaf krdf sI, ijs ivc sfry hI BfrqI huMm-humf ky phuMcdy huMdy sn. pr ies sfl qoN nfvlkfr 'jsivMdr isMG iCMdf', Èfier 'ÈyKr', sfry BfrqIaF df prm imwqr 'sytIÌn aflmr' aqy hor sUJvfn swjxF dI ihMmq sdkf sih arQF ivc siBafcfrk poRgrfm krvfAuxy ÈurU kIqy gey hn. ijvyN pihly siBafcfrk lohVI myly ivc afstrIaf dy BfrqIaF dI iËMdgI qy afDfirq pihlI bfr nftk 'mihÌl' pyÈ kIqf igaf sI. hor vI iesy qrHF dy siBafcfrk pRogrfm krvfAux aqy pMjfbI sihq ivc hor vfDf krn leI ihMmqI swjx XqnÈIl hn. ihMdI iÌlmF iewQoN dy isnmy ikrfey qy lY ky BfrqI swjxF vloN kdy-kdy idKfeIaF jFdIaF hn.

smisafvF:

ijwQy siBafcfrk pRogrfm sfl ivc iqMn-cfr hI huMdy hn, AuQy kuJ swjx iesy sfl qoN hI hr mhIny rfqF ƒ BMgVf pfrtIaF krvfAuNdy hn, ijnHF df mksd isrÌ pYsf kmfAuxF huMdf hY. ienHF BMgVf pfrtIaF krky jo BfrqIaF df nuksfn ho irhf hY, Aus dI sUcI lµbI hY. BMgVf pfrtI dI ÈurUafq ivc jdo gory sMgIq sux nwcx lwg pYNdy hn qF pMjfbI sMgIq dI 'bwly bwly' ho jFdI hY, pr jdoN aMq ivc lVfeI krky bIar dIaF boqlF aqy hor BMn-qoV hox lwgdI hY qF pMjfbIaF dI 'Qwly Qwly' ho jFdI hY. Pyr BMgVf pfrtI puils ƒ af ky bMd krvfAuxI pYNdI hY. hux qwk ienHF pfrtIaF ivc Gwt qo Gwt iek aqy vwD qo vwD iqMn lVHfeIaF hox df 'irkfrz' hY. ijnHF izsko hflF ƒ ikrfey qy lY ky ieh BMgVf pfrtIaF krvfeIaF jFdIaF hn, Auh dubfrf hfl ikrfey qy dyx vfry kMnF ƒ hwQ lf lYNdy hn aqy BfrqIaF ƒ muV ky izsko aMdr vVHn nhIN idwqf jFdf, soicaf jfvy qF cMgI gwl hY.

afstrIaf ivc Auc pwDr df kMm krn leI sB qoN vwzI mÈukl jrmn bolI dI afAuNdI hY. jykr koeI Bfrq ivc Auc-pVHfeI krky afstrIaf afAuNdf hY qF ieh nhIN huMdf ik iewQy afAuidaF hI Aus ƒ koeI vDIaf kMm iml jfdF hY. nhIN. Aus ƒ sB qoN pihlF afm bMidaF vFg jrmn bolI isKxI pYNdI hY aqy jrmn bolI isKidaF sflF hI lg jFdy hn. jykr Aus ƒ jrmn bolI afAuNdI hY, qd hI Aus dI pVHfeI dI kdr pfeI jFdI hY. nhIN qF nhIN.

hor, sB qrHF dI smisafvF leI BfrqIaF kolo rwb df idwqf bhuq vwzf qohÌf 'sytIÌn aflmr' hY. Cy mhIny Bfrq dyKx qoN bfad Aus ƒ Bfrq, BfrqI siBafcfr aqy BfrqI lok ieMny cMgy lwgy ik Aus ny afstrIaf ivc af ky BfrqIaF nfl sMprk bxf ley. jdoN Auh XUnIvrstI pVHdf huMdf sI, qd vI Auh BfrqIaF dIaF muÈklF sMbDI afp Ìon kr ky hwl lwBdf huMdf sI. hux qF Auh srkfr vloN pRvfsIaF dI muÌq mdd krn df kMm krdf hY.

ijvyN ik Aupr dwisaf igaf ik afstrIaf ivc nslvfd nhIN hY, ies krky idn jF rfq ƒ iksy BfrqI jF BfrqI DI-BYx awgoN gory muMizaF dI tolI afAuNdI dyK ky rfh bdlx dI loV nhIN pYNdI. pr ijnHF mMuizaF dI tolI ƒ dyK ky BfrqI DI-BYx ƒ rfh bdlx dI loV pYNdI hY, Auh hn sfzy 'kuJ' BfrqI isafsI pnfhgIr Brf. ikAuNik hux ienHF isafsI pnfhgIr BrFvF ƒ Dfrimk sQfnF qy vI 'bMdy bx ky rihx' dIaF bynqIaF kIqIaF geIaF hn, ies krky kuJ KulH ky dwsdy hF.

pMj idn sÉq kMm krky hÌqf-aMq qy ieh sfzy pnfhgIr Brf 'ieMnjuafey' krn leI ivafnf dy sB qoN vwzy mMnorMjn pfrk 'prftr' jf ky zyry lfAuNdy hn. jgHf vI ienHF ny Auh lwBI hY, ijwQy dunIaF Br dy sYlfnI ies mnorMjn pfrk ƒ dyKx afAuNdy hn. pRvyÈ-drvfËy dy nfl vflI pfrk ivc sB qoN pihlF ieh golDfrf bxf ky bYTdy hn qF ik afAuNdy jFdy qy awK rwKI jf sky. Pyr rl-iml ky bIar pIqI jFdI hY. bfad ivc hfsy mËfk ivc jF iksy gwl qoN iek dUjy dy bIar dy KflI zwby mfry jFdy hn. jy kdy-kdfeIN Èfm dI aMq lVHfeI krky Qfxy ivc nhIN huMdf qF Èrfb nfl rwjy 'iÈkfr' dI Bfl ivc pfrtr df gyVf lfAuNdy hn qy mOkf imly qy mnafeIaF krdy hn.

iek pirvfrk sBf ivc vI iek bIbI ny afpxI hwz bIqI dwsI ik Auh iek vfr afpxIaF do kuVIaF nfl mnorMjn pfrk geI aqy ijvyN pMjfb ivc myilaF qy huMdf hY, Ausy qrHF iewQy vI ienHF isriPry muMizaF vloN lgfqfr iqMn GMty AunHF df ipwCf kIqf igaf. jy ikqy iksy muMzy dI gory nfl lVHfeI ho jfvy, jrmn bolI qF awgy hI nhIN afAuNdI aqy jy lfgy koeI hor BfrqI KVHf hovy, Pyr jfxbuJ ky gory ƒ pMjfbI ivc lMbIaF lMbIaF gflF kwZ ky BfrqI ƒ suxfAuxgy.

ies qoN pihlF ik ienHF isriPry muMizaF aqy BMgVf pfrtIaF krky BfrqI sfry ivafnf ivc bdnfm ho jfx, hux smF af igaf hY ik bynqIaF Cwz ky ienHF ƒ iksy hor qrIky nfl smJfieaf jfvy. ipwCy ijhy keI BfrqI niÈaF dy 'ibjnYs' aqy mnuwKF dI smgilMg ivc vI PVy gey sn. hux Auh sËf Bugq rhy hn.

do injI qjrby:

iek vfr mYN ivafnf dy hvfeI awzy qy Auqiraf aqy Gr qwk phuMcx leI ËmIndoË gwzI dy awzy qy phuMicaf. kI dyKdf hF ik iek gorf-gorI cfa cfa 'c smfn-ryVHI vI Qwly nfl hI lY afey sn. hux hoxF qF ieMJ cfhIdf sI ik iek jxf smfn kol rihMdf qy dUsrf Aupr ryVHI vfps KVHI kr ky afAuNdf. pr myrI hYrfnI dI hwd AudoN nf rhI jdoN AunHF ny afpxF sfmfn bYNc qy AuvyN hI Cwz ky dovyN ilÌt rfhI ryVI Cwzx cly gey. mYN sfmfn df afl-duaflf cYk kIqf, pr smfn dI iËMmyvfrI qy koeI KVHf nhIN sI. asIN qF afpxF itÈU pypr vI iewklf Cwz ky nf jfeIey, pr Auh gorf-gorI iek vwzf atYcI aqy hYz bYg ieklf Cwz ky ryVHI vfps KVHI krn cly gey sn. iewQy Pyr gwl afAuNdI hY ivÈvfs dI ik afstrIaf dy nfgirkF ƒ afstrIan isstm ikMnf Brosf hY. pihlI gwl, sfmfn gorf-gorI dy vfps afAux AuQy hI ipaf irhf. dUsrI gwl, mMn lE jy corI ho vI jFdf qF kuJ hI imMtF ivc cor smfn smyq PV ley jfxy sI, ikAuNik jgHf-jgHf qy kYmry lwgy hoey hn aqy surwiKaf pRbMD bhuq vDIaf hn.

iek vfr iek gorI pRvfsIaF dy iek Dfrimk sQfn ivc afstrIan isstm bfry pRvfsIaF dy ivcfr suxn afeI. Aus ny pRvfsIaF awgy svfl rwiKaf ik kdy AunHF ƒ afstrIaf ivc rihMdy hoey AunHF dI vwKrI idwK krky jF hor kfrnF krky puils vloN jF iksy hor adfry vloN iksy iksm dI pRyÈfnI df sfhmxF krnf ipaf hovy? pihlF qF sfiraF ny iek-dUjy dy mMUh vwl dyiKaf Pyr iek suµXkq jvfb afieaf ik nhIN, afstrIaf ivc hor mulkF nfloN hfly isstm bhuq vDIaf hY. puils vloN jF hor iksy afdfry vloN AunHF ƒ njfieË qMg nhIN kIqf jFdf hY.

aMq:

keI bfr ieQoN dIaF ÉbrF pVH ky bhuq hYrfnI huMdI hY. iek vfr iewQoN dy iek diraf ivc iek bqwK ny afpxy pirvfr dI rwiKaf krdy hoey iek gory qy hmlf kr idwqf aqy Aus dI nwk dI hwzI qoV idwqI. dUsry idn Ébr Cp geI ik qYrfkIaF dI surwiKaf ƒ iDafn 'c rwKdy hoey adflq Èfied bqwK ƒ mfrn df hukm dy dyvy. aÉbfr vfilaF ny pfTkF dy ivcfr jfxny cfhy. qIsry idn hI keI pfTkF dIaF icwTIaF lwgIaF hoeIaF sn, ijs ivc AunHF ny iliKaf sI ik bqwK ƒ mfiraf nf jfvy aqy koeI hor hwl lwiBaf jfvy. iesy qrHF dIaF keI idn pfTkF dIaF suJfvF BrIaF icwTIaF lwgdIaF rhIaF. afiÉr ivc adflq ny ieh PYslf kIqf ik bqwK dI aËfdI Koh ky Aus ƒ Aus dy pirvfr smyq iciVafGr ivc bMd kr idwqf jfvy.

ieh Ébr pVH ky myry mn ivc afieaf ik ijwQy iek pMCI dI jfn dI kImq ho skdI hY, AuQy bMdy dI qF afp hI hoxI hY. ieh nhIN ik iek jfnvr dy kql dI aÌvfh sux ky iensfnF ƒ afpxI jfn bcfAux leI nwT-Bwj krnI pvy.

kuwJ hor qsvIrF:

pMjfbI pVH rhIaF bwcIaF

lohVI df progrfm

gurbfxI kIrqn

afstrIaf, iek Cotf ijhf dyÈ afm nfgirk dIaF sfrIaF afsF qy pUrf-pUrf Auqrdf hY aqy iewQy 'mfhOl hfly TIk hY'. sfzI rwb awgy iehI ardfs hY ik iewQy hmyÈF iesy qrHF df mfhOl bixaf rhy. jykr klH ƒ sfzy aOguxF krky iewQy sfzy nfl pwKpfq hoxF ÈurU ho jFdf hY qF Aus dy iËMmyvfr asIN afp hovFgy.

afE ies dyÈ dI qrwkI aqy ÈfqI ivc vwD-cVH ky afpxF ihwsf pfeIey.