YY

Kflsy dI Auqpiq df anUTf idRsL

1756 dI ivsfKI df njLfrf ijnHF BfgF vfilaF ny awKIN qwikaf hoAU aslIaq qF Auho hI jfx skdy hn, pr kvI sYnfpqI df iliKaf gur soBf gRMQ awKIN dyiKaf dy vfikafq nUM spsLtqf nhIN idMdf, ikAuNik Aus ivc sIsByt pRsMg nhIN iliKaf kyvl eynF hI idqf hY ik,

cyq mfs bqIq BYXo, mylf BYXo apfr.
vYsfKI ky idvs myN siqgur kIXo ivcfr ]18]

aqy

goibMd isMG gur kI KusLI sMgq krI inhfl.
kIXo pRgit qb Kflsf, cukXo sgl jMjfl.

Bf[ sMqoK isMG jI ny gur pRqfp sUrj pRkfsL ivKy ies qrHF ibafinaF hY :-

Ausy qfn qy aMqrXfmI .
cfhq pMQ clfvq TfnI.
AuT kr afny qj kr afsn.
inks durg qy pYhn srfsn.
cVH qurMg afey iqs Qfny.
jhF bYT iswK prKn Tfny.
nfm kysgVH hY iqs kyrf.
Auqpiq pMQ hon Ql jyrf. afid .

ies 1756 dI vYsfKI qy Kflsf pMQ dI rcnf hox qy hryk ilKfrI dI smuwcI sMmqI hY, pRMqU awj qfeIN koeI ieh nhIN dws sikaf ik dsmysL ny Kflsy dI isrjnf ikvyN kIqI. sfiraF dI vKrI vKrI hI rfie hY.

ijnHF gRQF df shfrf ilKfrI swjx lYNdy afey hn Auh ieh hn :-
1[ gur soBf, kvI sYnfpqI.
2[ gur iblfs Bf[ kuier isMG klfl, jo 1808 ib[ ivc Cipaf.
3[ mihmf pRkfsL Bf[ srUp isMG Bwlf, sMmq 1833/34 ivc Cipaf.
4[ Bf[ kysr isMG iCwbr, Cpx smf 1854 ib[.
5[ gur iblfs Bf[ suKf isMG, gRMQI kys gVH qKq, sMmq ib[ 1854.
6[ qvfrIK iswKF PfrsI, KusLvkq rfey sMmq 1868.
7[ suDrm gRMQ inrmly sMq BUp isMG, ies nUM sMq pUrn isMG jI ny sMn 1923 eIsvI ivc Cpvfieaf.
8[ pMQ pRkfsL Bf[ rqn isMG BMgU, sqMbr 1852 eI[.
9[ sUrj pRkfsL Bf[ sMqoK isMG jI , Cfp 1900 ib[.
10[ pMQ pRkfsL ig[ igafn isMG jI, sMmq 1936 ib[.
11[ gur iblfs bfvf[ sumyr isMG jI, rcnf 1882 eI[ dI hY, ieh bfvf jI qKq ptnf sfihb dy mhMq sn.
12[ qvfrIK gurU Kflsf ig[ lfl isMG jI sMgrUr, qIjI vfr 1955 eIsvI, iesdf muKbMd ipRMsIpl inhfl isMG jI ny iliKaf.
13[ klgIDr cmqkfr Bf[ vIr isMG jI afid.

AypRokq gRMQF dy ilKx df Bfv ieh hY ik ieh sfry gur pRqfp sUrj gRMQ df shfrf lY kr hI ilKy gey hn aqy agoN hor ilKfrI vI iehnF gRMQF df hI shfrf lYNdy af rhy hn, pr iksy vI sjx dI ilKq XF Koj iek dUjy nfl nhIN imldI. iehnF sfiraF ivc bwkry mfrn df pRsMg hI ieDr AuDr krky iliKaf imldf hY.

sUrj pRkfsL ivc qMbU ivc pMj bwkry iek QF bMnyH ilKy hn. BfeI suwKf isMG jI ny iliKaf hY, qMbU cfr aiDk iqh lfieE Bfv kwly kwly qMbU ivc judy judy bwkry bMnyH hoey sn aqy Jwtkf iswK (ipafrf) krdf sI, qy sUrj pRkfsL ivKy Jwtkf gurU jI krdy ilKy hn, pr ieh sfrIaF dlIlF mnoklpq hn.

jy gur soBf df krqf EQy mOjUd huMdf qF Auh sIs Byt pRsMg jLrUr hI ilKdf. ijnFH ny ilKy hn, AuhnF ny suxy suxfey ibnf ivcfry ilK Cwzy hn.

koeI ieiqhfs ieh vI vfikaf shI nhIN dws irhf ik gurU klgIDr jI ny aMimRq iqafr krn vyly kyhVI bfxI pVIH hovygI. sUrj pRkfsL, pMQ pRkfsL afid ivc iqMn iqMn bfxIaF hI ilKIaF hn aqy BMgU jI ny ilK idqf ik gurU jI ny qyj qyj ju cMzI bfxI, so phul ky mwDy TfxI aqy Kwg KMz ibhMzM Kl dl KMzM aiq rx KMzM brBMzM. bicwqR nftk df dUsrf CMd pVH ik aMimRq iqafr kIqf. awj qIk iksy ilKfrI nUM ies gupq rhws df hux qk pqf nhIN lwg sikaf ik gurU jI ny ikhVf mMqr piVHaf.ikafPy hI imldy hn, Xf iek dUjy dI nkl mfrI hoeIy.

gurU dsmysL jI qF gurU nfnk dI dsvIN joqI df pRkfsL srUp sn. smrwQ purK dy kIqy kMmF nUM smJxF sMsfrI jIvF dI phuMc qoN pry hY -‘mUrK log ajfx iehY kCU nfQ cirqR Byd nf jfxy.’ ikvyN jfx skdy hn ? AuynHF bRhm igafnI mhF pursLF df pfrfvfr kOx pRfxI pf skdf hY?

dfs ny sMqF mhFpursLF dy njLdIk qoN bcn srvxI suxy hn. AunHF df inscf ieh nhIN ik gurU sfihb ny isK sMgq sfhmxy koeI nftk kIqf. gurU jI ny qF iliKaf hY:-

“nftk cytk kIey kukfjf ] pRBu logn kih afvq lfjf]”

aMdr bwkry mfrny, bfhr prgt krnf ik bMdy mfry hn-ieh DoKf gurU jI ikvyN kr skdy sn ? jLPrnfmy ivc gurU jI ilKdy hn :-

‘hmf mrd bfied svwd suKn vr]
nf isLkmy idgr dr dhfny idgr]’

Bfv - mrd EhI huMdf hY ijs dy mn aqy bfhr ieko hI Dfrnf hovy aqy ‘ijn mn hor muK hor so kFZy kicaf.’ (afid gRMQ)

hux asIN smJxf hY ik kI Kflsy dI rcnf iek nftk sI ?

nhIN, kdficq nhIN! ieh XQfrQ sI. dyKo hyT iliKaf awKIN dyiKaf shI vfikaf. ieh sfnUM ‘rfmgVHIaf ieiqhfs’, rcnkfr bKsLI isMG afidl dI ikqfb ivcoN imilaf hY.ies ny AurdU dI iek ikqfb ijs df ilKfrI koeI ‘abuwl qurfnI’ hY, aqy ieh ikqfb alIgVH XunIvristI ivc peI dsIdI hY, ivcoN ieh vfikaf afpxI ikqfb ivc drjL kIqf hY, jo ies qrFH hY :-

ieh awbul qurfnI pihlF bRfhmx sI, iPr muslmfn ho igaf sI aqy aOrMgjLyb vloN dsmysL jI dy drbfr ivc bRfhmxI rUp ivc drbfr dI sfrI irport idwlI aOrMgjLyb nUM Gldf sI aqy ieh gurU jI dy mflI gulfby dy kol rihMdf sI. Bf[ vIr isMG jI ny vI klgIDr cmqkfr ivc ies abwl qurfnI df ijLkr kIqf hY ik ieh zyZ do sfl iesI qrFH bRfhmx bx ik gurU jI dy drbfr ivc jfsUsI krdf irhf. ieh afpxI Aupr dwsI ikqfb ivc ilKdf hY :-

‘ ijs idn gurU goibMd isMG jI ny Kflsf sfjx leI vwzf iekwT kIqf, Aus idn dIvfn dI hfjLrI 35/40 hjLfr dy krIb sI.’

agoN dsdf hY ik muglF dy cfr qKq sn - idwlI, afgrf, klfnOr qy lfhOr. pr gurU jI dy qKq dI sLoBf inafrI sI. ies pr Bf[ suKf isMG ny vI iliKaf hY :-

“aiDk Ep gZ kys kI, ko kiv sky Aucfr]
sih sfihn jo brnIaY qAU nf pfvY pfr]”

aqy BfeI sMqoK isMG jI ny vI ies qKq dI sLoBf, suMdrqf df aqy aMimRq vyly dI sLoBf gurbfxI dy kIrqn dIaF DunF dI bhfr df ies qrFH vrnx kIqf hY ik Aus smyN jo Aus scKMz dI sI, mfnoN bYkuMT ieMdr sBf ivc gMDrb rfg rfgxIaF df alfp kr rhy sn, qy aMimRq meI rs sMgqF dy ihrdy ivc pRvysL krdf jnmF jnmF dI mYl kwt ky inrml svFqI bUMdF ppIhy sroiqaF nUM bKsLsL kr iqRpq krI jf rhIaF sn. jYsy :-

“iqh sMgq ko myl Audfr, gfvih nt sfrMg mlhfr.
joq sRI sRI rfg Dumfr, gAuVI mfJ ibBfs bhfr.
sUhI sorT dyv gMDfrI, afsf rfmklI bYrfVI.
llq iblfvl jY jY vMqI, gujrI ar kumfc DMnvMqI.
dIpk BYrAu sLuB ihMzol, gfvq prj qlMg klol.
mfl kONs klXfn kydfr, gONz quKfrI myG Audfr.
mflisrI su bsMq ibhfg, ar suGreI rfg anurfg .”

not:- ieh sfry rfg aMimRq vyly dy nhIN kyvl drbfr dI soBf ihq hI rfgF dI kfiv rcnf hY (isLMgfr rs).

awgy abuwl qurfnI ilKdf hY ik ieh qKq mugl bfdsLfhF dy qKqF nUM mfq krdf sI. Aus idn gurU jI df ilbfs, cVHq, jlfl aqy qyj aJwlvF sI. gurU jI drbfr ivc afey aqy ikrpfn nUM imafn ivcoN kZky bf-avfjL bulMd ikhf, “mYnUM iek isr dI loV hY.”

bgYr dyrI soc ivcfr aqy iksy vI hIl-huwjq dy dXf (isMG) af hfjLr hoieaf . gurU jI ny Bry drbfr ivc ijQy Auh Kloqy sn, sBnf dy sfhmxy iek BrpUr vfr kIqf aqy isr DV nfloN judf ho igaf. dIvfn ivc snsnI PYl geI aqy bhuq afdmI sqMB qy avfk rih gey. gurU jI ny iPr grjvIN aqy kVkvIN avfjL ivc ikhf,“ mYnUM iek hor isr dI loV hY.” Jwt Drm (isMG) AuiTaf, jf gurU jI nUM inmsLkfr kIqI aqy iesdf vI isr DV nfloN vKrf kr idqf. dIvfn ivc KlblI mc geI, BfjV pY geI. gurU jI ny bf-avfjL iek isr hor mMigaf qy bky bfd dIgry ihMmq (isMG), mohkm (isMG) aqy sfihb (isMG), ienHF pMjf nUM kql kr, isr DVF nfloN vwK kr idqy aqy keI afdmI mfqf jI pfs phuMcy qy sfrI iviQaf jf suxfeI.

ies pr Bf[ suwKf isMG jI ny ies pRkfr iliKaf hY. XQf :-

“pFc iswK siqgur iem GfieE, hfhfkfr sbd Dr CfieE.
AUc nIc sB hI nr nfrI, inMdf krn lgy sMsfrI.
ien kih khF isrr hvy gieaf, ajfsU an ijAuN isKn Gieaf.
Ault prI ien pY su BvfnI, qF qy ien kI nfiq bAurfnI.
pRQm skl msMd ien jfry, pY sU ajf ab iswK sMGfry.
mfqf qIr kol iek jfhI, ieh ibD bqIaf brn sunfhI.
iqlk pyzy nfl su dIjY, ienky iek jF pkr bnIjY.”

gurU jI ny EnFH dy pMjF srIrF aqy kpiVaF nUM cMgI qrFH DHoqf, PrsL vI sfP kIqf aqI KUn df dfg ikqy vI rihx nf idqf. iPr Aus kfPrF (ihMdUaF) dy pIr ny, iek isr dUsry DV nfl, Bfv ieh nhIN dyiKaf ik DV iks df, rlf imlf joV idqy. qkrIbn GMty ku bIc hI ihkmqy amlI nfl sIN idqy aqy AunFH pMjF lfsLF Aupr icwty kpVy pf idqy. iPr pwQr dy kUMzy Auqy lohy dI kVfhI ( iswK ijsnUM bftf afKdy hn ) ivc pfxI pf afpxI qlvfr Pyrn lg ipaf qy koeI klmF pVHdf irhf. ieh aml zyZ do GMty huMdf irhf. eysy smyN kfPrF (ihMdUaF) dy pIr dI iksy aOrq ny bfty ivc kuJ ilaf ky pf idqf. hux afby ihXfq iqafr ho cukf sI.

gurU jI ny AunHF lfsLF qoN pVdf cuk pihlF dXf (isMG) dy srHfxy bYT mMUh KolH afby hXfq Aus dy mUMh ivc pfieaf qy sfry srIr qy iCVikaf qy afiKaf “bol vfihgurU jI kf Kflsf vfihgurU jI kI Pqih.” ieh kihMdy sfr hI dXf (isMG) AuT Klo igaf aqy AucI sfrI ‘vfihgurU jI kf Kflsf vfihgurU jI kI Pqih ’ boilaf. Bry idvfn ivc skqf df aflm qfrI ho igaf. hjLfrF iensfnF dy huMidaF hoieaF koeI AucI sfh nhIN sI lY irhf aqy dIvfn ivc bYTy afdmI gurU jI dI krfmfq Auqy mugD hoey iksy jfdU dy asr hyT kIly hoey bYTy sn. eysy qrFH Xky bfd dIgry AunFH cOhF nUM vI afby hXfq iplf, Esy qrFH afby hXfq iCVk boly, ‘vfihgurU jI kf Kflsf vfihguRUru jI kI Pqih’ bulf muV ijLMdf kr idqf.

ipCy iPr pIr (gurU) EnFH nUM qMbU aMdr lY gey. kuJ icr bHfd gurU afp aqy Auh pMjy afdmI ipCy qMbU coN bfhr inkl afey aqy Auh nfly sPYd by-dfg ilbfs pfey hoey sn. (BfeI vIr isMG jI ny vI klgIDr cmqkfr ivc sPYd bsqr hI ilKy hn) Auh pMjy muV ijLMdf kIqy afdmI qMbU qoN bfhr af Klo gey aqy gurU jI ny bIr afsn kr AunFH qoN afp afby hXfq mMigaf.

Bf[ suwKf isMG jI ny gurU jI duafrf aMimRq dI mMg nUM ies qrFH ibafinaf hY. XQf :-

sLysL surysL dnysL pRmysLr, Kojq hY ijh ko aib qorI.
iswD, munI, muin nfrd so, jih jfcq hY kr kst krorI .
ikMnr, jwC, BujMg, DrfDr, syvq hY ijsko ins ByrI.
so krnf inD rUp gurU pr, Kflsy agr Kro kr jorI.
aOr -
CIr smuMdr ikDo gur pUrn, lfl rqn Dry jih mfhI.
aMimRq Dyn ssI su DnMqr, kOn gny ignqI kCu nfhI.
irwD aO iswD pdfrQ kotk, bIc vsy jihky prCFhI.
so gur pUrn aMimRq mFgq, kOqk sMq liKXy eyih afhI.

AunHf ikhf, ‘asIN isr dy ky ieh amol vsqU leI hY, qusIN ies leI kI idEgy ?’ gurU jI ny ikhf,‘ mYN pRx krdf hF ik afpxf sfrf srbMs, mfqf ipqf, puqwr, sgy sbMDI, sB kuJ kurbfn kr idaFgf.’ ies qy AunHF pMjF ny gurU jI nUM afby hXfq dy idqf aqy goibMd rfie qoN goibMd isMG ho igaf aqy AunHF dy nfm nfl vI isMG pd joV dXf isMG, Drm isMG, ihMmq isMG, mohkm isMG aqy sfihb isMG ho igaf.

abuwl qurfnI ilKdf hY, “ mYN bhuq pCoqfieaf qy roieaf. Aus smy EQy hI hjLfrF afdmIaF ny Eh afbyhXfq pIqf. mYQoN vI irhf nf igaf. mYN vI afpxy afp nUM iDwkfrdf-pCqFdf hoieaf Esy vkq iksy imknfqIsI ksLsL aDIn Jwt hI gurU jI dy crnF qy izg Aus qoN afby hXfq dI dfq mMgI. gurU ny, ijhVf myry pKMz qy zMB nUM jfxdf sI, bVy ipafr nfl mYnUM Qfpnf dy afby hXfq iplfky myrf nfm ajmyr isMG rwK idqf. myry jnm jnmFqrF dy pfp ies qrFH Aus idn kwty gey. mYN gurU jI dI POj ivc BrqI ho igaf aqy keI jMgF ivc jLulm nfl dU-b-dU liVaf.

Ausy idn hI mYN afpxI ijLMdgI dI irport aOrMgjLyb nUM Gwl idqI. ies dIvfn ivc vfprI aqy awKI izwTI Gtnf df sfrf hfl ivsQfr nfl KoHl ik rwK idqf aqy bVy jLordfr lPjLF ivc aOrMgjLyb nUM qfVnf kIqI ik Kbrdfr! jIAuNdy jfgdy Kudf nfl jLulm nf kmf, aqy jy myrI isPfrsL qy aml nf kIqf qF qyrI slqnq aqy Kfndfn qbfh ho jfeygf qy qyry qKq df dunIaF qoN nfmoN-insLF imt jfvygf. afid .”

sfrMsL ies df Aupr idqI vfrqf df ieh inkldf hY ik asIN gurUaF nUM gurU afKdy jLrUr hF, pr EhnF dIaF krnIaF qy sLwk krdy rihMdy hF. suKmnI ‘c vfk hY - ‘ bRhm igafnI afp pRmysr]’ qF iPr pRmysr dy kIqy kMmf nUM iek sfDfrn mnuwKF dy quwl afKxf aqy gLlq pRcfrnf EnFH mhFpursLF dI inMdf nhIN qF hor kI hY?

sfnUM BfeI gurdfs jI dy ies kibwq qoN sbk iswKxf loVIdf hY :-

jFky eyk Px agR hY Drx DfrI,
qfih igrDr khy kOn sI vzfeI hY]
jfky eyk bfvry hUM ivsLv nfQ nfm khy,
qfih ibwRj nfQ khy kOn aiDkfeI hY]
ank akfr EMakfr ky ivQfr qfih,
nMd ko nMdn khy kon pRBuqfeI hY]
jfny Ausqiq ar krq hY inMdf mUZ,
aYsy hI arfDny sy mOn suKdfeI hY]

gurU Gr ivc, gurU nfnk dyv jI qoN lY ky sfry gurU sfihbfn qIk ienFH jo vI afpxy jIvn ivc kOqk kIqy Auh scfeI BrpUr aqy Cl kptoN rihq sn.

aYsy ikqny hI Audfhrx gurU sLkqI dy sfnUM imldy hn, jYsy bfbf atwl jI duafrf mohn nUM jIvn dfn dyxf, bfbf guridwqf jI df moeI gAU ijLMdf krnf, gurU amrdfs jI ny ibrD mfeI dy puqwr nUM jIvn dfn bKsL ik awgoN eyh vr dyxf ik jd qIk mYN goieMdvfl ivc hF, iksy vI mfeI df puwqr nhIN mrygf.

sfzy gurUaF ny jo gurbfxI ivc iliKaf hY Aus nUM sMpUrn kihxI aqy krnI krky inBfieaf hY, jYsy:- ‘ siqgurU myrf mfr ijvfly ’ siqgurU nUM pUrn aiDkfr pRfpq huMdy hn. gurU nfnk dy crnf dI ksLsL nfl mwkf GuMm jfxf, rfm rfie ny gurU hr rfie jI dI sLkqI nfl aOrMgjLyb nUM 72 krfmfqF idKfeIaF pRiswD hn, ijs ivc kfjLI duafrf mry hoey bwkry dI lwq kwt lYxI qy bfdsLfh qoN hukm krvfxf ik rfm rfie nUM kho ky bwkrf ijLMdf kry. BrI kcihrI hYrfn rih geI jd bwkrf iqMn lwqF nfl qur ky afieaf. rfm rfie ny ikhf, ies dI cOQI lwq kfjLI nUM kho lfvy, afid. aYsy anykF Audfhrx gurU Gr ivc rOsLn imnfr hn jo sdf hI jgq ivc afpxI nUrfnI Jlk df JMzf JulfAuMdy rihxgy.

ieh sfrI nfm dI brkq hY.sfzy ivdvfnf dI mwq pwCmI sBXqf ny Kurd burd kr rwKI hY. mOjjLy (krfmfqF) awj vI sMsfr ivc Aujfgr hn. pr asIN ies khfvq anusfr - ‘ afp n dIey culU Br pfnI, qih inMdy jih gMgf afnI.’ asIN afp qF kuC kr nhIN skdy, pr ijnFH ny kuwJH krky ivKf idqf hoieaf hY, AunHF nUM inMdI jf rhy hF. ieqI.

abwul qurfnI dI ieh pusqk Koj dy njLrIey Kflsf pMQ leI iek amuwl KjLfnf hY, ies qy bhuq iDafn dyx dI loV hY.

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