Likhari;criticism,alochna,utree america dee punjabi kahani by major mangat()7 February 2006

sfihq dy rUpF ivwc khfxI nUM pRmuwK sQfn hfsl hY aqy pMjfbIaF nfl khfxI df nhuM-mfs df irsLqf hY. ieh hI kfrn hY ik pMjfbI ijwQy vI gey hn qF vI khfxI AunHF dy nfl nfl hI geI hY. AuWqrI amrIkf ivwc pMjfbIaF dI afmd AunIvIN sdI dy aMiqm smyN hoeI. sfzy purKy jdoN eynHF mulkF ivwc afey AunF df kMm krn df ZMg aqy smwisafvF afpxI iksm dIaF sn. AunHF rylvyN lfeInF ivCfeIaF, afrf imwlF ivwc kMm kIqf aqy nslI ivqkrf Jwilaf. afpxy kMm kfj dOrfn anykF aijhIaF khfxIaf hoxgIaF jo AunHF nfl vfprIaF. ijnF nUM Aus vkq Auh BfvyN klmbD nf kr sky hox, pr ieh khfxIaF AunHF dy ijhn ivwc jrUr AukrIaF geIaF hoxgIaF. ijnF df sbUq sfnUM sfDU isMG DfmI duafrf ricq nfvl ‘mlUkf’ ivwc imldf hY. ies nfvl dIaF GtnfvF ivwc AuWqrI amrIkf ivwc puMgrn vflI pMjfbI khfxI dy bIj mOjUd sn.

pMjfb vfsIaF ny kYnyzf amrIkf afky sKq imhnq qF kIqI hI nslvfd df mfnisk aqy srIrk qsLwdq vI Jwilaf. kfmfgftfmfrU df golIaF nfl suafgq krnf eysy lVI df iewk ihwsf sI . nslvfd dy ieh pwC pMjfbI ilKqF ivwc vI afpxf pRBfv pfAuNdy rhy. AuWDr nvyN afey BfrqIaF nUM vfps nf jf skx jF afpxy pirvfr nF mMgvf skx kfrn vqnF dI Xfd bhuq qVPfAuNdI sI, ijs df pRBfv AunHF pihlF pihl kfivk rUp ivwc ibafinaf. AuWwDr vqn gLulfm sI, jy Auh jFdy qF jFdy ikwQy? Auh cfhuMdy sn ik afpxf vqn afjLfd hovy qy Auh vfips jfky AuwQy afjLfdI nfl rih skx. iesy gwl nUM muwK rwKky AunHF ‘gLdr dI gUMj’ nF df prcf vI kwiZaf. ijs ivwc lflf hridafl, kfsLI rfm mVOlI, hrnfm isMG tuMzIlft, sohx isMG Bknf vrgy gLdrI XoiDaF ny sfihq ricaf, jo ijafdf kfivk rUp ivwc hI sI. pr asIN afK skdy hF ik ieh pMjfbI khfxI leI jLmIn iqafr ho rhI sI.

dUjI sMsfr jMg qoN bfad pMjfbIaF ny ibdysLF vl vhIrF GwqIaF. Auh ijLafdfqr afpxI afriQk dsLf suDfrn vfsqy inwkly sn. 1947 ivwc Bfrq afjLfd vI ho igaf, pr prdysF ivwc afey ieh BfrqI vfips nf jf sky. vqn dI Xfd AunHF nUM sqfAuNdI rhI aqy dUjy pfsy ieh iKLafl vI afAuNdf ik hux ieh hI AunHF df mulk hY ijwQy AunHF ny jIvn Br leI rihxf hY. iesy krky 1947 qoN bfad hI ibdysLF ivwc pMjfbI khfxI df muwZ bwJdf hY. sLurU sLurU ivwc rivMdr rvI ny vqn dI imwtI nUM Xfd kridaF kuwJ khfxIaF ilKIaF. ijAuN ijAuN AunHF eyQoN dy jIvn ivwc Gulxf imlxf sLurU kIqf qF AunHF dIaF khfxIaF dy ivsLy vI qbdIl ho gey. kMm qy aFAuNdIaF musLklF, swiBafcfrk vKryvF aqy nslvfd AunHF dIaF khfxIaF dy ivsLy bxy. kuwJ alock BU-hyrvy aqy nslvfd vflIaF khfxIaF nUM AuWqrI amrIkf dI khfxI df pihlf pVf mMndy hn aqy ies df kfrjkfl 1980 qwk imwQdy hn. swTvyN dhfky qoN bfad pMjfbIaF dI vwzI igxqI ies iKwqy ivwc afky vsI. ies pIVI dy juafk awsIvyN dhfky qwk juafn ho cuwky sn. Auh eynHF mulkF ivwc pV ilK ky eyQoN dIaF kdrF kImqF anusfr jIx lwgy, jo ik pihlI pIVI nUM rfs nhIN sI. ijs krky iewk swiBafcfrk tkrf pYdf ho igaf. ies smyN qoN bfad jo khfxI hoNd ivwc afeI Auh iesy ksLmksL dI khfxI hY. rivMdr rvI ijs ny svY-mulFkx vflIaF khfxIaF vI rcIaF qy bRihmMzI cyqnF vflIaF vI. Aus dI khfxI ivwc vI eyQy afky iewk moV pRqIq huMdf hY. Aus dI khfxI afdrsLvfd dy akfsL qoN AuWqrdI hY,ijwQy Auh iewk aijhy mnuwK dI klpxf krdf sI jo rMgF, nslF, BfsLfvF aqy dysLF qoN mukq hoieaf iewk bRihmMzI cyqnf vflf mnuwK hovy. pr rvI dI ivsLv cyqnf df sMklp Aus vkq nvF moV kwtdf hY jdoN bRihmMz ‘coN AuWqr ky AusdI khfxI sfzy afpxy GrF ivwc pRvysL kr jFdI hY.

‘sLfdI vl jFdI sVk’ rivMdr rvI dI iewk aijhI hI khfxI hY jo XQfrQ dI jLmIn qy pYr gwz ky KVdI hY. pihlI pIVI dUjI pIVI nUM afpxIaF kdrF kImqF anusfr jIx qy mjLbUr krdI hY. mjLbUr hI nhIN krdI blik swiBafcfr dI bydI qy kurbfn krdI hY. ieMdr afpxy bwicaF nUM afpxI soc anusfr jIx leI mjLbUr krdf hY. bwcy kuwJ dyr qF afpxy aMdrlf inwj mfr ky aijhf nftk krn dI koissL vI krdy hn, ijs qy Auh byhwd mfx vI krdf hY qy socdf hY ik sohx aqy mohxI vrgy lfiek bwcy hr Gr ivwc hox, pr jdoN Auh afpxI soc anusfr mohxI nUM Dwky nfl pMjfb ivafhux leI iljFdf hY qF AuhnF df mn bgfvq kr idMdf hY. mohxI kInIaF qoN kYnyzf afky vsy lVky joigMdr nUM cfhuMdI hY jo ik nIvIN jfq df hY. pr mohxI nUM ies ivwc koeI burfeI njLr nhIN afAuNdI. ivafh qoN pihlF srIirk sbMD joVny vI moihnI jF joigMdr leI koeI vwzI gwl nhIN, pr rUVIvfdI sMskfr ieh bRdfsLq nhIN kr skdy. ijs kfrn dohF pIVIaF ivwc tkrf Auqpn huMdf hY.

sfDU ibinMg ibRitsL kulMbIaf ivwc visaf iewk hor aijhf khfxIkfr hY ijs ny BU-hyrvy qoN agFh vD ky kYnyzf dI muwK-Dfrf ivwc ivcridaF afeIaF smwisafvF nUM khfxI dy ivsLy vjoN apxfieaf. afpxI pusqk ‘lIhoN lwQy’ ivclIaF khfxIaF ies gwl dI gvfhI BrdIaF hn. sfDU ibinMg dI kYnyzf rih ky rcI khfxI ny pMjfb ivwc bYTy pfTkF aqy alockF df iDafn vI iKwicaf. pihlF bhuq sfry alock ieh afKdy sn ik ibdysLF qoN afey lok zflrF aqy pONzF qo jor nfl Cp jFdy hn jdoN ik AuhnF pfs klf nhIN huMdI. pr 1993 ivwc amnpfl sfrf df ricaf khfxI sMgRih ‘srd irsLqy’ aqy bfad ivwc ‘vIhF df not’ ieh gwl JUT sfbq kr idMdf hY. amnpfl sfrf dIaF khfxIaF nUM alockF ny muwK Dfrf dy brfbr dIaF khfxIaF mMinaf. AunHF afpxIaF khfxIaF ivwc ijwQy nslvfd dI gwl kIqI AuWQy puMjIvfdI injLfm ivwc inwGr rhy mnuwKI irsLiqaF dI gwl vI kIqI. ‘srd irsLqy’ bfry hrBjn hlvfrvI dy ivcfr hn:-

“sLrd irsLqy’ ivclIaF khfxIaF ijwQy CyqI amIr hox dI lflsf kfrn mnuwKI irsLiqaF ivwc vrq rhI TMZ dy duKFiqk pihlU qoN jfxU krvfAuNdIaf hn, AuWQy mnuwKI moh ipafr dI zUMGfeI, bulMdI aqy qIbrqf dy inwG nUM afpxy klfvy ivwc sMBfldIaF hn. ieAuN amnpfl sfrf dIaF ieh rcnfvF Aus dy pRiqBfvfn qy sMBfvnF BrpUr kQfkfr hox dI gvfhI idMdIaF hn”.

irsLiqaF dI ieh TMZ AusdI khfxI ‘lftrI’ ivwc pfTk dy ijsm nUM aijhI cVdI hY ik Auh kMbx lwg pYNdf hY jdoN iewk gory pfqr nU afpxy ipAu dI mOq qy ies gwl dI byhwd KusLI huMdI hY ik ivrfsq ivwc Aus nUM ‘Gr’ iml igaf hY. Aus nUM lwgdf hY ik Ausdf ipAu nhIN miraf sgoN AusdI lftrI inwkl afeI hY, ijs krky Auh byhwd KusL hY. iesy qrF AusdIaF hor khfxIaF ijnf ivwc ‘mfrgrIqf’ ‘ruldf bcpn’ aqy srd irsLqy iesy sMdrB ivwc gwl krdIaF hn. AunHF dI khfxI ‘vIhF df not’ jdoN isrjxf ivwc CpI qF Ausny smuwcy pMjfbI pfTkF aqy alockF df iDafn iKwicaf qy Aus nfl amnpfl sfrf ny afpxI iewk ivsysL pCfx sQfipq kIqI.

amnpfl sfrf qoN bfad ijs khfxIkfr ny smuwcy pMjfbI sfihq nUM pRBfvq kIqf Ausdf nF jrnYl isMG hY. kYnyzf afAux qoN pihlF jrnYl isMG afpxy iqMn khfxI sMgRih ‘mYnUM kI’ ‘mnuwK qy mnuwK aqy ‘smyN dy hfxI’ rc ky afpxI pCfx sQfpq kr cuwkf sI. pMjfb rihMidaF jrnYl isMG ny POjI jIvn nfl sbMDq bhuq cMgIaF khfxIaF ilKIaF pr kYnyzf af ky pihly pMj swq sfl Auh sfihq nfloN tuwty rhy. eyQy afky AunHF afpxI pihlI khfxI ‘do tfpU’ ilKI. jdoN ieh khfxI 'isrjxf' ivwc CpI qF ies khfxI df crcf hr pfsy hoieaf. pMjfbI dy nfmvr alockF ny AusdI khfxI klf nUM slfihaf. Pyr AusdIaF khfxIaF ‘pCfx’ ‘BivwK’ aqy ‘jVHF’ ny ieh sfbq kr idwqf ik Auh iewk aijhf khfxIkfr hY ijs dI khfxI ‘muwK-Dfrf’ dI khfxI nfloN iksy gwloN vI ipwCy nhIN. Aus ny prvfsI jIvn dIaF dusLvfrIaf nUM bVI isLwdq nfl pysL kIqf. 1999 ivwc AusdI ikqfb ‘do tfpU’ CpI ijs ivwc Aus dIafN Cy lMbIaF khfxIaF hn jo kYnyzf aMdr ivcr rhy pMjfbI pirvfrF df jIvn-XQfrQ pysL krdIaF hn. ‘do tfpU’ khfxI bdldy swiBafcfr aMdr bdl rhy irsLiqaF dI gfQf hY ijwQy mnuwK afpxy afp nUM bcfAux leI leIN afpxI hoNd nUM brkrfr rwKxf jLrUrI smJdf hY. pfsLI iesy qrHF afpxI hoNd nUM bcfeIN rwKx leI sKsLIaq dy tfpU nUM swiBafcfr dy pfxIaF ivwc Kurn nhIN idMdI. dUsry pfsy blrfj df vI eyho hfl hY jo bdl rhy irsiqaF awgy afpxy afp nUM sbUqf nhIN rwK skdf. ‘pCfx’ df slwKx isMG do swiBafcfrF ivcly tkrf nUM pysL krdf hY aqy ‘BivwK’ khfxI dI nvjoq lVkIaF nfl kIqy jFdy slUk leI pRsLn icMn pYdf krdI hY. ies pusqk dIaF khfxIaF afpxI gwl kihx ivwc pUrI qrHF sPl hn,ijMnHF dI goNd bVI sMGxI aqy BfsLf bVI sulJI hoeI hY. huxy huxy AunHF dI pusqk ‘tfvrjL’ ivwc CpIaF khfxIaF ny AunHF nUM aMqrfsLtrI pwDr qy ilaf KVf kIqf hY. ikhf jf skdf hY ik AuWqrI amrIkf ivwc rcI ieh khfxI smuwcy pMjfbI sfihq leI mfx vflI gwl hY.

kYnyzf ivwc ijafdfqr khfxI 1980 qoN bfad hI rcI geI. eyQoN dIaF rcIaF khfxIaF ‘vqn’ prcy ivwc CpdIaF rhIaF. 1990 qoN bfad khfxI AuWpr kfPI kMm hoieaf. vYnkovr qoN ielfvf kYlgrI, ivnIpYwg, aYzmMntn aqy torFto ivwc vI sfihq qy kfPI kMm hox lwigaf. myjr mFgt 1990 ivwc torFto afieaf, AudoN AusdI iewk khfxIaF dI ikqfb sI ‘qlLIaF qy Auwgy Qohr’ qy 1993 ivc AusdI dUsrI ikqfb afeI ‘kUMjF dI mOq’ Pyr ‘iqRsLMkU’ ienF ikqfbF ivclIaF sfrIaF khfxIaF vI kYnyzf dI ijLMdgI nfl sbMDq sn. ies qoN ielfvF AunHF dIaF khfxIaF pricaF ivwc lgfqfr CpdIaF rihMdIaF hn.

khfxI Kyqr ivwc ibRitsL kulMbIaf ivwc rih rhI lyiKkf surjIq klsI df vI bhuq Xogdfn hY. AunHF dI pihlI ikqfb ‘swq prfeIaF’ 1994 ivwc afeI. surjIq klsI ny ieMgilsL ivwc vI iliKaf, anuvfd vI kIqy, nftkF qy kMm vI kIqf aqy kivqf qoN ielfvf pMjfbI sfihq dy hor rUpF qy vI kMm kIqf. pr khfxI ivwc AunHF afpxI iewk invyklI pCfx kfiem kIqI ijs bfry gurbcn ilKdf hY:-

“prvfs pMjfbI mnuwK dy hwz ivwc KuB cuwkf jLKm hY. ies jLKLm ny anykF aMqr ivroD pYdf kIqy hn, mnuwKI irsLqy iqVk gey hn, pqI qy pqnI ivclf Pfslf jLflm aqy mjLlUm ijMnf ho igaf hY. keI pRsLn sfzy nYiqk qy smfijk pRsMgf sfhmxy vI af KVy hoey hn. surjIq klsI dIaF khfxIaF ies sB nUM PoksbwD krky prvfsI aOrq dI pIVf, aqy svY dI Kfqr Aus dI mUk jwdo jihd dI bfq pfAuNdIaF hn”.

ies pusqk ivwc ijMnIaF vI khfxIaF hn ieh smfj ivwc ivcr rhI aOrq dy duK drd aqy AusdI mfnisk siQqI nUM drsfAuNdIaF hn. khfxI ‘swq prfeIaf’ iewk eyho ijhI aOrq dI hI dsLf hY jo afpxy mF, bfp, BYx Brf, aqy sky sbMDI Cwz ky bVy cfvF nfl kYnyzf afAuNdI hY pr pqI df mfVf vqIrf Aus df idl qoV idMdf hY. Auh sLrfb pIky Aus nUM kuwtdf mfrdf hY. pr iewk idn sIbo AusdI kuwt qoN qMg afky tYksI lY ky GroN inwkl qurdI hY. pr rsqy ivwc tYksI vflf vI Aus nUM iekwlI smJ ky Aus nfl blfqkfr krdf hY. jdoN Auh pulIs dI mwdd nfl kcihrI jFdI hY qF pqf lwgdf ik blfqkfr krn vflf Ausdy pqI df qfieaf hY. jdoN Auh Aus nUM pCfx lYNdI hY qF kimAUntI dy pqvMqy kihMdy hn ik Auh qF pihlF hI bdclx sI, shury pirvfr nUM bdnfm krn leI hI Aus ny ieh cfl cwlI hY. ijs nUM sux ky sIbo byhosL ho jFdI hY. Ausdf ieh sMqfp prvfs Bog rhIaF anykF aOrqF df sMqfp hY, ijs nUM surjIq klsI ny afpxIaF hor khfxIaF ivwc vI ibafinaF hY.

prfey mulkF ivwc afky vsIaF aOrqF dIaF anykF smwisafvF hn. ienHF smwisaF nUM keI lyKkfvF ny bhuq hI pRBfvsLflI ZMg nfl pysL kIqf hY, AunHF ivwc iewk nF hY blbIr kOr sMGyVf jI df. blbIr kOr sMGyVf phlF ieMglYNz afey qy AuQoN hI AunHF ny afpxf sfihqk sPLr afrMiBaf. prvfs dIaF smwisafvF nUM lY ky AunHF anykF khfxIaF ilKIaF jo pMjfbI dy cricq aKLbfrF rsfilaF ivwc CpdIaF rhIaF. AunHF dIaF pMj ikqfbF pRkfsLq hoeIaF, ‘hwk dI mMg’ ‘iewk KLq nF swjxf dy’ ‘afpxy hI Auhly’ kMDF aqy ‘TMZI hvf’. kYnyzf afky vI AunHF bhuq sfrIaF KubsUrq khfxIaF ilKIaF jo aksr pricaF ivwc CpdIaF rhIaF. Auh AuWqrI amrIkf ivwcoN sfihqk prcf ‘afr pfr’ vI kwZdy rhy . iesy prcy df AunHF knyzf khfxI ivsysL aMk vI kwiZaf sI jo ik ies iKwqy ivwc rcI jFdI khfxI dIaF sMBfvnF aqy BivwK dRsLfAuNdf sI aqy eyDr rcI smuwcI pMjfbI khfxI dI gwl krdf sI. bfhr rcI jf rhI pMjfbI khfxI bfry BfrqI pMjfb ivwc anykF lyK Cpdy hn jo ik cMgI khfxI ilKx vfly isrP iewk do lyKkF dI gwl hI krdy hn, jdoN ik Ausdf isrlyK huMdf hY ‘prvfsI khfxI’. alockF nUM cfhIdf hY ik jdoN Auh AuWqrI amrIkf ivwc rcI jFdI khfxI dI gwl krn qF Auh smuwcI khfxI dI gwl hovy nf ik isrP cMgI khfxI dI hI gwl. jy koeI khfxIkfr mfVI khfxI vI ilKdf hY qF Aus nUM dwsxf vI alockF df hI PrjL hY. ipCly dsF sflF qoN AuWqrI amrIkf ivwc rcI jf rhI pMjfbI khfxI iesy ivqkry df isLkfr huMdI rhI hY. agr koeI lyKk iksy sMpfdk jF alock dI afAu Bgq kry, Gumfvy iPrfvy, PMz iekwTy kr ky dyvy qy jfx lwgy dI mfiek mwdd vI kry qF Ausdf ijkr loV qoN vwD huMdf hY qy bfkI sfihqkfrF nUM awKoN proKy kr idwqy jFdf hY. asIN sfry sfihqk pRdUsLx dI gwl krdy hoey, glL glL qwk afp vI ies ivwc Dsy pey hF.alockF jF sMpfdkF ny kdy afm khfxIkfr df ijLkr qwk nhIN kIqf. aijhf AunHF dI alp jfxkfrI df pRqIk hY. jy iksy alock nUM pUrf igafn eyQoN dy khfxIkfrF bfry nhIN hY qy Auh isrP pMjfb ivwc bih ky kuwJ mYgjLInF ivwc Cpx vflIaF khfxIaF nUM muwK rwK ky hI bfhr rcI jf rhI smuwcI khfxI df lyKf joKf nf kry aqy afpxI mn mrjI dy iswty nf kwZy nhIN qF ieh srfsr gLlq hovygf aqy bfkI lyKkF nfl byiensfPI vI.

blbIr kOr sMGyVf dI khfxI ‘mukqI’ dI gwl krnI cFhfgf. ieh koeI jIvn qoN mukqI nhIN sgoN irsLiqaF dy moh jflL qoN mukqI dI gwl hY. ies khfxIkfrf ny afpxIaF khfxIaF ivwc aOrq dy mnoivigafn nUM bVI bfrIkI nfl icqiraf hY cfhy Auh khfxI ‘sLmIm’ ivclI sLmIm hovy jF Pyr ‘gLlq drvfjf’ ivclI gurjoq. ‘gLlq drvfjLf’ ivclI gurjoq iesqrI mrd dy brfbr hwk cfhuMdI hY. jdoN iewk aOrq gLlqIaF aqy gunfhF ivwc brfbr dI hwkdfr hY qF bfkI KyqrF ivwc ikAuN nhIN? jy aOrq gLlqI kry qF Aus nUM GroN kwZ idwqf jFdf hY pr mrd leI aijhI koeI sjf nhIN. Pyr ieh brfbr dy hwk ikvyN hoey? gLlqI dI sjLf isrP aOrqF nUM hI ikAuN? ieh gurjoq dy mn ivwc bIq rhI khfxI hY. ieh aOrqF jIvn pRqI sfriQk sMGrsL krdIaF hn. ienHF khfxIaF ivwc aOrq mrd dy sbMDF dI gwl hY, pqI pqnI dy irsLqy dIaF anykF prqF hn. blbIr kOr sMGyVf ny ieMglYNz qoN bfad kYnyzf afky jo bhuq hI AuWqm khfxIaF ilKIaF ijnF ivwc ‘mYN ivkfAU nhIN’ ‘bMd kmrf’ ‘KMBy’ ‘irsLqf’ ‘awg’ cIk aqy ‘kuswq’khfxIaF vrinxXog hn.

aOrq dI mnodsLF nUM ibafnx leI hor vI keI aOrqF khfxI Kyqr ivwc awgy afeIaF. ijnHF amrIkf ivwc vsI khfxI lyKkf pRvyjL sMDU df nF muZlI kqfr ivwc sLfml hY. ies lyKkf df khfxI sMgRih ‘muwTI Br supny’ khfxI jgq ivwc crcf df ivsLf bixaf irhf hY. pRvyj sMDU dIaF khfxIaF dI ivlwKxqf ny alockF df iDafn iKwicHaf hY qy Aus dIaF keI khfxIaF crcf ivwc rhIaF hn. AusdI khfxI ‘sOkx’ iewk aijhI aOrq dI khfxI hY ijs df drd invyklf hY. Auh dlIp nfl ivafh krvfky amrIkf qF af jFdI hY pr Aus nUM pqI df ipafr nsIb nhIN huMdf. ieh vI nhIN ik nInf df pqI Aus nUM nPrq krdf jF kuwtdf mfrdf hY. Auh qF Ausqy sLwk vI nhIN krdf. dlIp qF ieh vI afKdf hY ik jy Auh iksy hor mrd nfl sbMD bxfAuxf cfhy qF vI Aus nUM koeI ieqrfj nhIN. ieh dlIp nF df pfqr jo Ausdf pqI hY Cotf huMdf afpxI hI mqryeI mF kolo ‘sYksUal asflt’ huMdf irhf hox kfrn aorq ipafr qoN Ausdf mn Bwj AuWTdf hY. ‘sOkx’ dI GuMzI Aus vkq KuwlHdI hY jdoN pqf lwgdf hY ik Auh koeI aOrq nhIN sgoN dlIp df sfQI gorf muMzf ijwmI hY. iewk aOrq leI ieh bRdfsLq krnf bhuq kiTn hY. Auh afpxI mF nUM afpxI vydnf dwsdI hY. smilMgI sbMDF ivwcoN jnmy ies duKFq qoN pRBfvq aOrq dI khfxI ‘sOkx’ iewk afpxI hI qrHF dI khfxI hY. pRvyj sMDU ny aijhy mnoivigafnk XQfrQ nUM dRsLfAuNdIaF hor vI khfxIaF ilKIaF hn. amrIkf ivwc rih rhI iewk hor khfxI lyKkf rfxI ngyNdr vI khfxI Kyqr ivwc afpxI ivsLysL pCfx rwKdI hY. jsvIr kOr iewk aijhI lyiKkf hY ijs dIaF khfxIaF nfgmxI ivwc aksr CpdIaF rihMdIaF sn. iesy qrHF jgjIq brfV vI iewk aijhf khfxIkfr hY ijs dIaF khfxIaF ny smuwcy kQf jgq nUM pRBfvq kIqf hY. Aus dI khfxI ‘vfpsI’ iewk aijhI hI khfxI hY jo smfj dy KoKly pRbMD qy iqwKf ivaMg ksdI hY. ijwQy pYsf Drm nfloN ikwqy vwD mhwqv pUrn hY ijs dI sLkqI nfl JUT nUM swc aqy swc nUM JUT sfbq kIqf jf irhf hY.

torFto afky vsy khfxIkfrF ivwc blbIr isMG momI vI nfmvr khfxIkfr hn. AuhnF dy hux qwk pMj khfxI sMgRih pRkfsLq ho cuwky hn ijnF ivwc ‘msfly vflf GoVf’ ‘jy mYN mr jfvF’ ‘sLIsLy df mmuMdr’ sfr df bUJf’ aqy ‘Puwl iKVy hn’. ies khfxIkfr ny ijLafdf khfxIaF pMjfb rih ky hI ilKIaF kuwJ ku khfxIaF aijhIaF vI hn jo AunHF eyDr af ky ilKIaF. ipwCy ijhy AunHf dI iewk vwz akfrI pusqk ‘blbIr isMG momI df rcnf sMsfr’ vI pRkfsLq hoeI hY. torFto ivwc awj kwl srgrmI nfl khfxI ilKI jf rhI hY. qRY mfisk khfxI bYTkF df islslf lgfqfr cwldf hY. ijnHF ivwc bhuq cMgIaF khfxIaF suxn nUM imldIaF hn. ienHF khfxI bYTkF dI hI dyx hY smrwQ khfxIkfr kuljIq mfn jo afpxI plyTI pusqk ‘puwqr dfn’ nfl afpxI invyklI pCfx bxf cuwikaf hY. ienHF dIaF bhuq sfrIaF khfxIaF nfmvr pricaF ivwc vI CpdIaF rihMdIaF hn. lgfqfr ilKx vfilaF ivwc iewk nF jrnYl isMG grcf df vI hY. AunHF df khfxI sMgRih ‘ilwlI’ aqy ‘swc df muwl’ kYnyzf dy jIvn dI mUMh boldI qsvIr hn. afpxIaF khfxIaF ivwc ijwQy Auh Auh pyNzU jIvn df BrpUr vrinx krdy hn AuwQy eyDr afky vsy pMjfbI pirvfrF dIaF drpysL smwisafvF nUM vI AulIkdy hn. AunHF dI BfsLf TyT Tuwkdfr pMjfbI, jo muhfviraF nfl BrpUr huMdI hY. AunHF dI khfxI ‘sMqfp’ KVsokV ruwK’‘aflxf’ aqy anykF hor khfxIaF kYnyzf ivwc vsy pMjfbI pirvfrf dy jIvn qy bVI sPlqf nfl Jfq pvfAuNdIaF hn.

prvfs ivwc rih ky rojI rotI kmfAux dy nfl nfl pMjfbI lyKkF pMjfbI khfxI nUM nvyN nvyN ivsLy idwqy. asIN ijMnF mulkF ivwc rih rhy hF ieh smfijk afriQk aqy ivigafnk Kyqr ivwc bhuq qrwkI kr cuwky hn. sfzIaF khfxIaF dy ivsLy vI swiBafcfrk tkrfa, smfijk irsLqy aqy afriQkqf dy duafly hI GuMmdy rhy hn. pr zf: amrjIq isMG iewk aijhf khfxIkfr hY ijnHF ny eyhnF ivisLaF qoN ht ky ivigafn sbMDI bhuq awCIaF khfxIaF ilKIaF. ienHF khfxIaF ivwc ijwQy ‘sfieMs iPksLn’ hY AuwQy ieh khfxIaF BivwK-muwKI hn jo mnuwK dy jIvn ivwc pYdf hox vfly bdlfvF aqy irsLiqaF nUM pysL krdIaF hoeIaF pfTk nUM sucyq krdIaF hn. AunHF dy khfxi sMgRih ‘icwp dy aMdr’ (1997) ivwc eysy iksm dIaF bfrF khfxIaF hn. AunHF dI khfxI ‘icwp dy aMdr’ aqy ‘iewk idn DrqI df’ ivigafn bfry hn aqy iesdy nfl nfl ‘qyrI dihlIjL qy’ ‘dsqfr’ aqy ‘aflxf’ mnuwKI irsLiqaF bfry KUbsUrq khfxIaF hn. AunHF dIaF khfxIaF qknIk pwKoN BfvyN kMmjLor hox pr ivsLy pwKoN ieh nvIN iprq pfAux vflIaF khfxIaF hn. ipRqpfl isMG ibMdrf ny vI pMjfbI Drfql vflIaF khfxIaF aMgryjLI jLubfn ivwc ilKIaF hn. AunHF df khfxI sMgRih ‘muklfvf’vI eyQoN dI nOjvfn pIVI df iDafn iKwcx ivwc sPl hoieaf hY ijs ivwc pMjfbI swiBafcfr ivwc pYdf ho rhy dvMd nUM pysL kIqf igaf hY.

bRitsL kulMbIaF df iewk hor cricq khfxIkfr hY amrjIq cfhl, ijs dI pusqk ‘bfhroN afieaf afdmI’ pRkfsLq hoeI hY. hrpRIq syKf ny vI cMgIaF khfxIaF ilKIaF hn ijnF dI crcf aksr huMdI rihMdI hY. susLIl kor AunHF df khfxI sMgRih ‘JrItF’ 1992 9vwc pRkfsLq ho cuwkf hY. eynHF qoN ielfvf kuwJ hor khfxIkfrf dIaF khfxIaF vI vI pVHn nUM imlIaF ijnHF ivwc z: sfDU isMG dI ‘zbl rfeIizMg’ gurbcn kOr bcn dI ‘gey Gr dI DI’ gurmIq isMG itvfxf dI ‘sLrbqI’ hrcMd isMG bfgVI dI ‘swp qy sotIaF’ aqy kuwJ khfxIaF mohx igwl vloN vI ilKIaF geIaF.

ivnIpYwg ivwc rih rhy lyKk Xuvrfj rqn dIaF dIaF vI kfPI khfxIaF dysL ibdysL ivwc CpIaF . AunHF df khfxI sMgRih ‘DrqI dy Aus pfr’ vI Cp cuwkf hY. iesy qrHF joigMdr smsLyr vI iewk sPl khfxIkfr hn ijnHF ny ‘srdfr ruilLaf isMG’ vrgIaF keI hor khfxIaF vI ilKIaF. afpxy KojL kfrj dy nfl nfl Auh khfxIaF vI rcdy rhy. khfxI Kyqr ivwc vzmuwlf Xogdfn ksLmIrf isMG cmn vloN pfieaf igaf hY. AunHF dI pusqk ‘idlF dy irsLqy’ivclIaF khfxIaF invykly aMdfjL vflIaF khfxIaF hn.‘idlF dy rsLqy’ khfxI ivwc ivwc Auh 1947 ivwc ivCVy pirvfr nUM dobfrf Pyr kYnyzf ivwc imldy idKfAuNdf hY. muhwmd sdIk, AusdI BYx nUrF aqy mhF isMG df imlxf iewk nvyNXuwg dI surUafq krdf hY. iesy qrF AunHF dI khfxI ‘rMg qmfsLy’ ijQy kYnyzf dy jIvn bfry gwl krdi hY AuQy ‘awq df aMq’ ‘rMg inafry’ vrgIaF khfxIaF BfrqI swiBafcfr dI qsvIr pysL krdIaF hn. Auh hux qwk awT ikqfbF Cpvf cuwky hn. kYnyzf afky visaf iewk hor khfxIkfr iekbfl arpx hY ijs dIaF Cy pusqkF pRkfsLq ho cuwkIaF hn ijnF ivwc ‘prfeI DrqI’ ‘afPry hoey lok’ ‘mOq df supnf’ ‘guafcy rfh’ ‘kbr df Puwl’ aqy ‘sunwKf drd’ hn.

AuWqrI amrIkf ivwc ies vkq khfxI AuWpr sB qoN ijafdf kMm ho irhf hY. Auwc pfey dI khfxI ilKx vfilaf ivwc kuljIq mfn df nF kfPI AuwBr ky sfhmxy afiea hY. kuljIq mfn dI khfxI ‘bilAU pirMt’ ‘Cwqy’ ‘puwq-dfn’ ‘pgzMzI’ ‘inkrmx’ ‘ivclI AuNgl’ aqy hor kuwJ khfxIaF bhuq hI sPl khfxIaF hn ijnF ivwc mnuwKI mn dIaF axigxq qihaF nUM Proilaf igaf hY. ienHF khfxIaF dy pfqr iewk drd nfl ibMny hoey hn BfvyN Auh ‘pgzMzI’df POjI smsLyr isMG hovy, ‘inkrm’ dI mInf jF AusdIaF hor khfxIaF dy muwK pfqr. pfTk afpxy mn ivwc iewk drd df sMcfr mihsUs krdf hY. kuljIq mfn kolL khfxI guMdx dI jFc hY. khfxI kihx lwigaF Aus kolL sLbdF df aQfh BMzfr huMdf hY ijnHF nfl Auh hr kiTn ivsLy qy vI bhuq asfnI nfl khfxI Ausfrdf clf jFdf hY.

iesy qrHF nOjvfn khfxIkfr suKjIq lihl dIaF khfxIaF hn ijnF ivwc ‘kudysx’ ‘bfbf qyrI DrqI qy’aqy ‘DIaF vfly’ kfPI cricq hoeIaF. ‘kudysx’ khfxI dI kudysx AunHF grIb aOrq df duKFq pysL krdI hY ijnHF nUM pMjfb dy lok ivafh krvf ky GrF ivwc qF rwK lYNdy hn pr ‘Gr vflIaF’ hox df hwk nhIN idMdy. suKjIq dIaF keI khfxIaF ny vwzy vwzy sfihqkfrF nUM vI pRBfvq kIqf. ieh lyKk bVI srlqf aqy sihjqf nfl khfxI df qfxf pytf Ausfrdf hY qy Pyr pfTk duafly AusdI khfxI dI pkV pIzI huMdI clI jFdI hY. ies lyKk qoN vI bhuq sMBfvnfvF sn pr ipCly kuwJ sflF qoN Aus dI cuwp rVkdI hY.

torFto dI khfxI nUM ies pwDr qy ilafAux leI AunHF sB khfxI lyKkF df BrpUr Xogdfn irhf hY ijnF ny ies ivDf leI dhfikaF qoN imhnq kIqI. ienHF ivwc imMnI gryvfl iewk aijhI lyKkf hY ijs df kfPI arsf pihlF iewk khfxI sMgRih pRkfsLq hoieaf sI ‘kYkts dy Puwl’ qy huxy ijhy pRkfsLq hoieaf hY ‘PfnUs’. imMnI gryvfl awj vI bhuq KLUbsUrq khfxI rcdI hY. ipwCy ijhy Aus ny eyQoN dy jIvn bfry bhuq cMgIaF khfxIaF ilKIaF. ‘supinaF df irsLqf’ khfxI ivwc apfrtmYNtF ivwc iekwl Bog rhy ivawkqI asLok dy monoivigafn nMU bhuq hI suMdr qrIky nfl ibafinaf igaf hY. iesy qrF khfxI ‘antwcybl’ ivwc qMgIaF qursLIaF nfl jUJ rhI mjLbUr aOrq vloN BulyKy nfl hoeI corI aqy Ausdy mn ivwc af rhy Auqrf cVHfa AusdI mjbUq klf dy pihlU hn. hor vI bhuq sfry axCohy ivisLaF Auwpr AunF iliKaf hY. ‘iewk suafl’ khfxI ivwc lyiKkf ‘mdrjL zya’ qy idwqy jFdy qohiPaF dy ivAupfrk vrqf nUM bhuq awCI qrHF ibafndI hY. ijwQy puwqr afpxI pqnI nUM qohPy qF dy skdf hY pr mF nUM nhIN. mF leI ieh qohPf nf imlxf afpxy puwq dy ipafr leI svflIaf icMn pYdf kr idMdf hY. ies khfxI df inBfa vI bhuq awCf hY.

prmjIq kOr momI eysy iKwqy ivwc rih rhI iewk hor hoxhfr khfxIkfrf hY ijs ny kfPI vDIaf khfxIaF ilK ky afpxI pCfx sQfipq kIqI hY. AunHF dI khfxI ‘kMmo’ ivclI kMmoN kYnyzf qoN geI pfqr pMmI nUM kYnyzf sbMDI puwCdI hY ijsdI gwlbfq ivwcoN kYnyzf ivwcoN geI srpMcf dI nUMh vFgUM lokF dy idKfivaF qy dUhry ikrdfrF qy BrpUr cot kIqI geI hY. jo pMjfb ivwc jfky kMmoN vrgIaF mjLbUr aqy grIb aOrqF df sosLx krdy hn qy JUT boldy hn. ieh viraF qwk Xfd rwKI jf skx vflI khfxI hY. iesy qrHF AusdI khfxI ‘KLfmosLI’ hY ijs ivwc nInf nF dI iewk bhuq hI sMvydnsLIl lVkI ivafh ipwCoN torFto afky dUsrI pqnI hox df drd BogdI hY. Aus df pqI rfijMdr isMG jo ivafh qoN pihlF iksy hor aOrq nfl sbMD bxf ky nqfsLf nF dI bwcI vI pYdf kr lYNdf hY AusdI sjLf nInf nUM imldI hY ijsdy iKlfP Auh lVdI hY.AunHf dI khfxI ‘bdldy irsLqy’vI bhuq cMgI khfxI hY. srgrm khfxIkfrF ivwc sudfgr brfV lMzy cMgIaF khfxIaF ilKx vfilaF ivwc hn. ikrpfl isMG pMnU dI khfxI ‘lMmI ndr’ajfieb twlyvflIaf dI ‘imwtI df irsLqf’ qy azmMntn qoN avqfr igwl dI ‘hUk’ ‘jVHf vfly’ amrIkf qoN igafnI krnYl isMG vloN aqy anmol kOr knyzf, rsLpfl kOr igwl, blijMdr gulftI, gurpfl sroaf, sqpfl kOr igwl vloN vI bhuq sfrIaF khfxIaF ilKIaF geIaF jo pUrI qrF asr aMdfjL hoeIaf qy ieh eyQoN dy khfxI jgq ivwc ZukvF sQfn pRfpq kr cuwkIaF hn. ienHF qoN ielfvf vI kuwJ hor khfxIkfr smyN smyN pysL huMdy rhy hn. cricq khfxIkfr sLmsLyr ZpflI vI torFto afx visaf hY ijs nfl eyQoN dI khfxI ivwc hor inKfr afAux dI sMBfvnf hY.

bhuq sfry khfxIkfr aijhy vI hn jo isrP ilKdy hn pr Cpdy ikqy nhIN. ho skdf hY kuwJ sfzy iDafn qoN pfsy vI rih gey hox. iehnF sfry khfxIkfrF ny lgfqfr imhnq krky pMjfbI khfxI nUM AuWqrI amrIkf ivwc pwky pYrIN kIqf hY. awj brqfnIaf qoN bfad AuWqrI amrIkf hI aijhf Kyqr hY ijs ivwc pMjfb qoN bfad aYnI vDIaf khfxI ilKI jf rhI hY. ieh khfxI koeI zflrF dy jor qy rcI geI khfxI nhIN sgoN pMjfbI dI muwK Dfrf nUM pRBfvq krn vflI khfxI hY. eyQy rcIaF geIaF khfxIaF ivwc jrnYl isMG aqy amnpfl sfrf, kuljIq mfn, blbIr kOr sMGyVf, pRvyj sMDU dIaF khfxIaF df kfPI ijLkr huMdf irhf hY.

jdoN asIN pMjfbI khfxI dI gwl krdy hF qF sfnUM ieh imwQ ky gwl krnI cfhIdI hY ik pMjfbI BfsLf isrP pMjfb qwk hI sIimq nhIN sgoN ijwQy ijwQy vI pMjfbI bYTy hn, BfvyN Auh pfiksqfn hovy, ieMglYNz jF amrIkf, Aus df dfierf AunF hI ivsLfl hovygf. pMjfbI khfxI dy ivsLy jF kfrj Kyqr vI isrP pMjfb dy kMmF kfjF jF rihx sihx qwk hI sIimq nhIN rih igaf sgoN dUsry ivsLv XuwD qoN bfad pMjfbI bVI qyjI nfl pUry ivsLv ivwc PYl gey hn. nvyN dysLF ivwc jfky ijwQy AunHF nUM BfsLf, swiBafcfr, qy kMm kfj dI smwisaf sI AuQy AunHF nUM nslvfd df isLkfr vI hoxf ipaf, bfhrlIaF khfxIaF ivwc eys iksm dy ivsLy AuwBr ky sfhmxy afAuNdy rhy. ivsLf vsqU pwKoN pMjfbI khfxI ivwc ieh iewk vwzf vfDf sI pr pMjfbI dy ivdvfnF ny lMbf arsf prvfsI khfxI nUM durkfr ky pfsy krIN rwiKaf. sgoN ies qy keI iksm dy ieljfm vI lfAuNdy rhy hn pr ipCly kuwJ smyN qoN hux ies df noits ilaf jfx lwgf hY. bfhrly mulkF ivwc visaf lyKk iewk pfsy nslvfd df isLkfr irhf hY qy dUsry pfsy Aus vloN ricaf sfihq ivqkry df isLkfr irhf hY. ieh hI kfrn hY ipCly dhfky ivwc jo khfxI sbMDI vwzy sYmInfr afXoijq kIqy gey AunHF ivwc bfhrly mulkF ivwc rcI khfxI nUM koeI ivsysL sQfn nf idwqf igaf. Aus df mhwqv isrP iesy gwl ivwc mMinaf igaf ik Auh ‘prvfsI sfihq’ hY.

AuWqrI amrIkf ivwc pMjfbI vIhvI sdI ivwc hI vDyry af ky vsy hn. sfihq dIaF bfkI ivDfvF dy nfl nfl khfxI vI ilKI jFdI rhI. AuNJ qF ajy smuWcI pMjfbI khfxI dI Aumr sO ku vry hY pr ies iKwqy ivwc rcI geI khfxI ijLafdf swqvyN dhfky qoN bfad hI hoNd ivwc afeI. pihlF pihlF muwZlI pIVHI dIaF BU-hyrvy bfry, nslvfd bfry jF afriQk qMgIaF bfry khfxIaF sn. dUjI pIVHI afAux nfl swiBafcfrk pfVy nfl sbMiDq smwisafvF pYdf ho geIaF. hux ies Kpq swiBafcfr aMdr mnuwK dI Kur rhI hoNd, srmfey dy nfl nfl bdldy irsLqy aqy mnuwK aMdr PYl rhy Klfa bfry anykF khfxIaF ilKIaF jf rhIaF hn. pMjfb aMdr ajy mhFngr dI ijLMdgI df sMklp pYdf nhIN hoieaf aqy nF hI ies sbMDI ajy khfxIaF ilKIaF jf rhIaF hn prMqU kYnyzf amrIkf ivwc ijwQy mhFngr dI ijLMdgI dy anuBv dy nfl nfl ivksq smfj aqy swiBafcfr ivwcoN pYdf ho rhy KMizq irsLqy AunHF ‘coN Aupija qnfa, qy iesy ivwcoN ajokIaF khfxIaF jnm lY rhIaF hn. ies Kyqr dy smUh lyKkF ny pMjfbI khfxI nUM amIr krn ivwc afpxf jo Xogdfn pfieaf ijs df ijLkr afAux vflIaF sdIaF ivwc huMdf rhygf.

myjr mFgt

(7 PrvrI 2006)