zf[
mihMdr igwl df kfiv-sMgRuih 'ibn brsfqI myGly' mUl
rUp ivc iek prvfsI kfiv hY ijs ivc Ausny pMjfbI
prvfsIaF dIaF akFiKafvF dy isrijq sMsfr qoN pfr dy
swc nUM bfKLUbI pysL kIqf hY. BfvyN ies kfiv-sMgRih
dy kfiv pRvcnF ivc pMjfbIaF dI afpxI DrqI leI qVp,
afpxy lokF/ sfkydfrI qoN ivCVn df drd, siBafcfrk
ivwQF kfrn pYdf hoieaf AudryvF afid bhuq kuJ sLfiml
hY pr jo KfLsf ies kfiv nUM vDyry sLkqIsLflI bxfAuNdf
hY, Auh ies kfiv dI Aus qih nfl juiVaf hoieaf hY ijs
ivc prvfsI afpxI iewCf anusfr sLfiml kIqy pdfrQvfdI
jgq qoN iek dUrI 'qy Klo ky pRfpqI/ apRfpqI, hoNd/
inhoNd afid dy aihsfsF ivc iGiraf prvfsI jIvn df mMQn
krdf hY. prvfs dy kfrn, prvfs dIaF siQqIaF, ivdysLI
DrqI 'qy prvfsI dI ijLMdgI leI pYdf hoey sMkt/
dusLvfrIaF, bygfngI afid sB pihlU ies kfiv ivc dUjYl
bx jFdy hn, jdik pRfQimk rUp ivc ieh kfiv prvfs dy
vzyry pihlUaF nfl juiVaf hoieaf hY. jF ieAuN vI ikhf
jf skdf hY ik ies qrHF aYPLro-bRfjLIlIan zfiespoirk
cyqnf nUM Trindade Sohano ny 'Songs of my people' ivc pRgt
krky iek mkfm hfisl kIqf sI jF ies qrHF aPLrIkn
zfiespoirk cyqnf nMU M Oliviera, Silavera, Cuti
luiz Silva jF Marcio Barsosa afid dy
kfiv 'coN gRihx kIqf jf skdf hY,* Ausy qrHF mihMdr
igwl dy kfiv sMgRih 'ibn brsfqI myGly' 'coN dwKx
eysLIafeI zfiespoirk cyqnf dIaF ivlwKxqfvF nUM
pCfixaF jf skdf hY.
dwKx-eysLIafeI mulKF ivc prvfs df ruJfn pwCmI
pdfrQvfd dI iKwc kfrn pYdf hoieaf sI/ hY. iesy iKwc
kfrn hI ienHF mulkF 'coN prvfs krn vflf ivakqI afrMBk
rUp ivc smfijk aqy siBafcfrk dbfvF dIaF guMJldfr
siQqIaF dy pfr dyK skx qoN asmrwQ rihMdf hY. sMkt dI
pCfx Aus vyly hoxI sLurU huMdI hY jdoN prvfsI pwCmI
kdrF-kImqF dy sm-ivQ pUrbI idRsLtI nUM rwK ky, Ausny
'kI guafieaf hY aqy kI Kwitaf hY?', df mulMkx krdf hY.
iesy qulnfqmkqf ivcoN hI iPr AusnUM afpxI hoNd df
sMkt/ inhoNd df ichrf idKfeI idMdf hY. prvfs dOrfn
hfisl hoeI byvwsI (smyN ny byvwsI dy gIq hoTF 'qy Dry
sfzy), KusLIaF df mrnf (aYsy gul iKVy ik/ bfgL PuwlF
dy mry sfzy), ivCoVy (mF qoN puwq, BYxoN vIr/ BfeIEN
tuwitaf BfeI), mihk, Gutx (ikhy jIvn ny ijhVy/ sihkdy,
Gutdy mrINdy ny) afid sMkt vI prvfsI dy sfmHxy hn aqy
ikrq df shI muwl imlx kfrn bxI TfT df vI AusnUM
aihsfs hY jo sMBv nhIN sI ik Auh afpxy vqn ivc hfisl
kr skdf. iesy leI afpxI iewCf anusfr Dfrn kIqI prvfs
(aPLrIkI jF aYPLro-bRfjLIlIan prvfs dIaF ijLafqr
hflqF ivc prvfs mnuwK dI svY-iewCf 'qy afDfirq nhIN
sI) AuprMq vI prfeI DrqI 'qy ivXogy hox df sMqfp
BogidaF mnuwK dI hoNd do-PfV ho jFdI hY. Auh nf qF
mulk nUM vfps prq skdf hY, ijQy sfkydfrI df inwG hY,
siBafcfrk sFJF hn aqy nf hI pwCmI jIvn sLYlI ivc
afpxy afp nUM Zfl ky 'pfry dy qupky' vFg suMgV ky jIa
skdf hY. ieAuN 'iks pfsy vl jfvF' vflI duicwqI mnuwK
nUM bycYn krdI rihMdI hY :-
asIN pIqI rUpihry jfm ivc
afvfsgI sfrI
do-mUMhIN hoNd sfzI afqmf 'qy
ho geI BfrI
asIN aYsI ndI jo
CMB bx bycfl hoeI hY
qy ijsdI gMDkI siVaFd sMg
hr ijLMd moeI hY
asIN pfry dy qupky vFgrF
suMgV ky jINdy hF
qy ies nUrI sdI ivc
jLihr byvwsI dI pINdy hF.
pMnf -17
mnuwK
dI prvfjL BfvyN-iewCq hY pr AusdI vfpsI AusdI iewCf 'qy
afDfrq nhIN. iesy leI kfiv ivc pRfpq 'do-mUMhIN hoNd'
df ichnk ijMnf srl idKfeI idMdf hY, kfiv ivc ies dIaF
prqF AuqnIaF hI gihrIaF hn. kwcIaF socF vfilaF jF Auh
ivakqI ijnHF nUM afpxy siBafcfrk gOrv df aihsfs hI
nhIN (anykF kwcIaF socF ny/ ies qoN jfn vfrI hY) leI
akFiKafvF dy supn-sMsfr qoN pfr dyK skxf asMBv ijhf
hY. irsLqy, ipafr-muhwbq, vqn dI afjLfd iPjLf qoN
ivCoVy jfx kfrn ienHF ivc ivgocf qF pYdf huMdf hY pr
iswikaF dI tuxkfr ienHF nUM Aus nvyN sMsfr ivc dfKLl
kr idMdI hY ijQy afpxI DrqI 'qy qwky pdfrQvfdI supny
hkIkq bxdy idsdy hn. ieAuN ieQy 'do-mUMhIN hoNd' df
afpxf iek ivsLysL sMdrB bx jFdf hY ijs ivc irsLqy qy
supinaF df qxfE hY :-
mgr hr swqvyN idn
swKxy JoilaF 'coN
ikrdIaF ny
hrIaF nIlIaF BUrIaF
supn-mwCIaF
mwCIaF
ijnHF dI cFdI ijhI huMdI tuxkfr
ijnHF dy kfgjLI ijsm 'coN
afAuNdI jfpdI mihkfr
mwCIaF jo inrhoNd
myry lokF dI hoNd 'qy geIaF ny Cf
qy sB nUM lgdIaF
ieh mwCIaF ijkx KLudf.
pMnf- 72
zf[
igwl ies nUM iek qRfsdI vFg gRihx krdf hY. inrhoNd
vsqF df cyqMn hoNd 'qy Cf jfxf qRfsdI hI qF hY. ieh
siQqI ijQy sMvydnf dy lViKVf jfx dI sUck hY, AuQy
dysI siBafcfr suhj/pCfx dy guafc jfx dI vI sUck hY. 'do-mUMhI
hoNd' dy ichnk nUM aMqr-siBafcfrk siQqIaF ivc sucyq
aqy ivrsymUlk sMvydnf sihj jIx-QIx vfly mnuwK dy
pRsMg ivc rwK ky vI aiDaYn kyNidRq kIqf jf skdf hY.
ieh Auh soc hY ijsnUM igafn hY ik pdfrQvfdI jIvn ivc
rihMidaF jo kuJ pRfpq hoieaf hY, Aus qoN ikqy vwD
AunHF guafieaf hY. pr dys prqx/ nf prqx dI duicwqI
ivc ies soc 'qy vI brkrfr hY ikAuNik jo vqn ienHF dy
supinaF ivc vsdf hY, hkIkq ivc Auhdf ichrf-muhrf bdl
igaf hY aqy ijnHF sMktF krky ieh sMvydnsLIl ivakqI
iksy vyly Buhyrvf hMzfAux leI iqafr hoey sn, Auh sMkt
awj vI kfiem hY :-
myry vqn dy KyqF ivc
kxk nhIN, BuwK AugdI ey
qy sLihrF ivc
cfnxI dy Puafry nhIN
muVHky dy KLUn dI bU PuwtdI ey
qy Aus aiDafqmvfd df kI khF
jo rwq pIixaF nUM
iksmq dy blI kihMdY
qy swpF nUM guwgf-pIr
pMnf- 59
ieAuN
ieh kfiv ichnF dIaF bhu-prqI sMBfvnfvF vflf kfiv hY,
ijnHF kfrn ijQy kfiv ivc gihrfeI pYdf huMdI hY, AuQy
kvI dI kfiv-Xogqf df vI pqf lgdf hY. 'do mUMhIN hoNd'
dy ichnk qoN ielfvf 'supn-mwCIaF', 'DuMdly bypYr
prCfvyN', 'jynsI do-ichrIaF socF' afid ichnkF ivcoN
vI arQF dIaF ieh bhu-prqI sMBfvnfvF qlfsLIaF jf
skdIaF hn.
duPfV/duicwqI
ies siQqI dy kfrnF nUM jwfk lfkF dI avcyqnf dI
idRsLtI qoN vI ivcfiraf jf skdf hY. dunIaF dy iksy vI
mulk ivc, ijQy ikqy vI ivsQfpn dIaF siQqIaF pYdf
hoeIaF hn, AuQy ivsQfipq mnuwKF ivc siBafcfrk idRsLtI
qoN 'ivXogy hoey mnuwK' hox df sMqfp sfhmxy afieaf hY.
ikAuNik ivsQfpn dI pRikiraf ijQy ikqy vI vfprI hY,
AuQy ivakqI iek pfsy qF afpxy aMqr-inhq avcyqn dy
pRvfh qoN gLYr-siBafcfrk dbfvF kfrn ivWQ 'qy af jFdf
hY aqy dUsry pfsy ijs nvyN siBafcfr nfl Ausdf vfh
pYNdf hY, Aus dIaF sMrcnfmUlk kVIaF Ausdy avcyqn df
aMg bxdIaF jFdIaF hn. ieAuN ieko vyly jIvn ivc ivakqI
dy avcyqn df srUp do-prqI bx jFdf hY. 'ibn brsfqI
myGly' dy kfiv ivc ivakqI df aijhf avcyqn sfhmxy
afAuNdf hY ijsdI sMrcnf bhu-siBafcfrk hY. Auh Gr/
afvfs dI qlfsL ivc hY (hr jIa df koeI Gr huMdf hY/ pr
prvfsI df Gr ikhVf?) pr Gr dI sQfpqI ijQy vqn ivc
sMBv nhIN idsdI, AuQy ijs siBafcfr ivc Auuh vkq kwt
irhf hY, AusnUM Auh siQqIaF vI sfjLgfr idKfeI nhIN
idMdIaF. rfhnumf vjoN qF hI kfiv-mYN 'mrd-kfml' dy
iml jfx dI cfhq pRgt krdI hY; Auh iksy dI AuzIk ivc
hY jo doPfV hoeI hoNd nUM koeI mfrg dws sky, mukfm 'qy
phuMcf sky :-
sdf AUxF qy AUjF ny
ijDr dyKy jdo koeI.
ik rwbf imlygf sfnUM
mrd kfml kdoN koeI.
pMnf -28
ienHF brPLF dy sIny ivcoN
kdo PuwtygI quigafnI.
kdoN qoVygf ieh tUxf
koeI iensfn lfsfnI.
pMnf -47
ies
qrHF ies kfiv ivc afvfs/ Gr dI qlfsL df mslf iek nvF
pirpyK bxfAuNdf hY. ivXogI dsLf ivc ivcr rhy prvfsIaF
df qRfsidk icqrn ies ivcfr nUM sfkfr nhIN krdf ik
ivsQfipq mnuwK afpxy pUrvly siBafcfr ivc muV sQfipq
ho ky afpxI afvfs dI Btkx nUM sLFq krnf cfhuMdf hY.
ieQy qF kfiv-mYN ivsLv siBafcfr dy bdl rhy pRsMgF ivc
afpxI hoNd nUM punr-pirBfisLq krnf cfhuMdI hY. ies
leI ieQy mslf vwK vwK siBafcfrk tkrfvF ivc afpxI hoNd
nUM sMgirq krn / sQfipq krn nfl juiVaf hoieaf hY.
kfiv ivc BfvyN 'kfml mrd' dI gwl krky koeI rfh qlfsLx
dI gwl kIqI hY pr kuJ sMkyq aijhy vI pRfpq huMdy hn
ijnHF qoN pqf lgdf hY ik bhu-siBafcfrk pRBfvF ivc
ivsQfipq mnuwK afpxI hoNd nUM afpxy avcyqn dy afDfr 'qy
punr sMgirq kr skdf hY. avcyqn dy iek Bfg ivc ikAuNik
pUrvly siBafcfr dI Cfp lgI hoeI hY, ies leI Aus Cfp
qoN mukq ho ky afpxI hoNd dI insLfndyhI nhIN ho skdI
:-
qUM hI dws
muhwbq dI bfs nUM
koeI cfr idvfrI rokygI kIkUM
qy kIkr imwt jfAU
socF dy aMbfrF qoN
XfdF dy tuwtdy qfiraF dI lIk
pMnf - 79
Br lvF ivrsy dy vygoN
iek cUlI suwcf nIr
ies qoN pihlF ik kysr
hoNd vflf suwk jfvy
pMnf - 78
zf[
mihMdr igwl dy ies kfiv df iek pRBfvsLflI qwq ies ivc
pysL pRgIqkqf vI hY. dUsrI DrqI 'qy jd prvfsI mnuwK
afpxI dUjYlI hoNd dy aihsfs nfl bf-vfsqf huMdf hY qF
Ausdy avcyqn dI Auh qih Kullx lgdI hY ijQy AusdI
afpxI DrqI df suKd supn-sMsfr ipaf hY. ieh supneI
mMzl AusdI ivXogy hox dI vydnf nUM inrMqr iqwKf krdf
jFdf hY qy iesy kfrn hI kfiv ivc pRgIqkqf BrdI jFdI
hY. zf[ igwl dy ies kfiv ivcoN ies idRsLtI qoN kuJ
jugqF vI qlfsL kIqIaF jf skdIaF hn ijnHF ivcoN sB qoN
pRbl jugq duvMDfqmk juwt isrj ky ivgocy dy aihsfs nUM
pRgt krn dI hY :-
KulHy afkfsL dy ngmy
GrF ivc bMd gfAuNdf hF.
pMnf - 25
ikvyN qfrIK dI kuwK
bfad sdIaF sI hrI hoeI.
mgr sMqfn Auh kyhI
jo jMmdI hY mrI hoeI.
pMnf- 28
hr jIa df koeI Gr huMdf
hY
pr prvfsI df Gr ikhVf?
pMnf -29
KulHy
afkfsL dy ngmy ? GrF ivc bMd gfAuxf, sdIaF bfad hrI
hoeI kuwK ? (pr) sMqfn df mrI hoeI jMmxf, hr jIa df
koeI Gr ? (pr) prvfsI byGr; ieh AulIikaf igaf sfrf
ichn pRbMD dvMDfqmk/ ivroD juwt rUp ivc isrijaf
hoieaf spwsLt idsdf hY. kfiv pRvcn df aijhf PYlfa
pRfpqIaF dIaF siQqIaF nUM AulMG ky KwipaF, qotF aqy
apRfpqIaF nUM sLRMKlfbD rUp ivc sfhmxy ilafAuNdf hY
ijs kfrn qIbr vydnf df aihsfs jfgdf hY. siBafcfrk
dbfbF dIaF siQqIaF ivc pUrvly siBafcfr dIaF kImqF nUM
smwgr rUp ivc gRihx nhIN kIqf jf skdf. ies leI prvfsI
iek aijhI tuwt-Bwj dI siQqI ivcoN gujLrdf hY ijs ivc
pUrvly siBafcfr dy bhuq sfry pCfx-icMnH DuMdlfAux lg
pYNdy hn. pr ikAuNik ieh icMnH mnuwK dy avcyqn 'qy
pwQr 'qy peI lIk vFg aimwt huMdy hn aqy mnuwK dI
ienHF nfl iek Bfvk sFJ vI huMdI hY. ies leI iksy
ivsyLsL sMdrB ivc ieh punr-jfigRq hox lgdy hn. zf[
igwl aijhy hI bypCfx ho rhy siBafcfrk Drfql dy sMdrBF
nUM afpxI kivqf dy ichn-ivhfr df aMg bxf ky pRgIqk
pRvfh kfiem krdf hY :-
kyhy sqluj ny ieh jo
Buwl cuwky vihx dI bolI.
pMnf - 19
ieh sfzI hIr rFJx dy
asIN pr quwl nhIN hoey.
isaflIN nOkrI krIey
hjLfry Buwl nhIN hoey.
pMnf - 24
mYN pf pf jwPIaF imilaf
mkfnF qy sLqIrF nUM
ipwplF tfhlIaF qUqF anfrF qy krIrF nUM.
pMnf - 53
qusIN puwCogy…
ik mYN socF dI awg ivc
ikAuN jldF -
kI ieh mumikn nhIN
ik mYN KUh dy qUqF dI TMZI CF
qy krmo JIrI dI
BwTI leI qrsdf hovF
ikDr gey ny Auh dfxy
jo sLfm dy Gusmusy ivc
BwTI nUM cuMmdy sn.
pMnf - 58
'sqluj',
'hIr-rFJx', 'isafl', 'hjLfrf', 'ipwpl', 'tfhlIaF', 'qUqF',
'krmo JIrI dI BwTI', 'BwTI ivc Buwjdy dfxy' afid
pMjfb dy iKwqy dI siBafcfrk pCfx nfl zUMGI qrHF juVy
hoey ichn hn. ienHF df smfnFqr prvfsIaF leI pwCm dI
iPjLf ivcoN qlfsLxf asMBv ijhf hY. kvI jd aijhy sLbd-siBafcfr
nUM afpxIaF kfiv iekfeIaF ivc isrjdf hY qF kivqf ivc
pRgIqk sMvydnf hor iqwKI ho jFdI hY. iesy sMdrB ivc
ieh gwl vI spwsLt krnI bxdI hY ik ies kfiv ivc
pRgIqkqf iksy inrMqr ivhfr pRvfhvfn nhIN rihMdI. kfiv
ivc pRfpq do iksm dIaF siQqIaF ivc ieh pRgIqk
inrMqrqf BMg huMdI hY. pihlI, ijQy kvI afpxI kivqf
ivc siQqI dy bOiDk ivsLlysLx vl qurdf hY :-
hr iek byvqnf hoieaf
afdmI
do-muwKI huMdf hY
qy AusdI ipwT 'qy asvfr
Ausdf vqn huMdf hY.
pMnf -24
Auprokq
kfiv pRvcn qoN pihlF ijs iksm nfl kivqf ivc ivXogI dI
qRfsidk hflq ibafn kIqI geI hY. ieh kfiv-pRvcn siQqI
dI Aus sfrI qrlqf nUM iek sihj Xfqrf vFg, iek insicq
pRikiraf vFg jF iek lfjLmI vfprn vflI hoxI dy qOr 'qy
gRihx krdf hY. aijhf kfiv-icMqn hI prvfsI dI qRfsdI
dy pirpyK nUM asloN hI bdl idMdf hY aqy ivsQfipq jIvn
cwkr ivc afeI ies vzyrI qbdIlI nUM sihj nfl smJx dI
pRyrnf idMdf hY. kivqf df ies rUp ivc pRgIqkqf qoN
aMsLkflI tuwt ky bOiDkqf ivc bdlxf aqy muV pRgIqk
pRvfh nfl juV jfxf, ies kfiv dI iek pRfpqI svIkfrI jf
skdI hY. dUsrI siQqI ijQy ies kfiv ivc sMgIqk pRvfh
tuwtdf hY, Auh ieiqhfsk cyqnf nfl sbMDq hY. iesdf
pRBfv ivsLysL qOr 'qy pusqk dy 'ivsPot' Bfg dy KMz '3'
ivc vyiKaf jf skdf hY ijQy kvI afpxy kfiv nUM ivsLv
zfiespoirk cyqnf nfl joVdf hY. kfiv ivc ieiqhfsk
cyqnf df ieh pirpyK BfvyN kuJ QfvF 'qy pRgIqkqf nUM
qoVdf hY pr smuwcy kfiv sMgTx ivc iesdf afpxf iek
ivsyLsL mhwqv hY ijsnUM pusqk df muwKbMd ilKidaF zf[
gurpfl isMG sMDU ny bfKUbI pRgt kIqf hY.
aMq
ivc asIN ieh kih skdy hF ik pMjfbI pRvfsI kfiv ivc 'ibn
brsfqI myGly' df iek aihm sQfn hY. ijQy ieh kfiv dwKx
eysLIafeI kOmF/ mulkF dy ivsQfpn dIaF ivlwKxqfvF nUM
sfhmxy ilafAuNdf hY, AuQy iesdf pRgIqk aMdfjL aqy
kfiv-sihjqf kvI dI kfiv Xogqf dy pRmfx bxdy hn. prvfs
dy nvyN sMdrBF nUM vzyry rUp ivc pfTkF dy sfhmxy
ilafAux vfly ies kfiv nUM inrsMdyh KusLfmdId kihxf
bxdf hY.
(ref
: Carolyn Richardson Durham, ' Literature, Black in
Brazil', Encarta 2003.)
