lyK/Koj/aflocnf/ivcfr/pTn/irvIAU

jrnYl isMG dI khfxI ‘tfvrj`:

supr swqf isafsq dy sqfa df ibrqFq

-zf: hrismrn isMG rMDfvf-
(rIzr ,pMjfbI ivBfg, kurUkusLyqr XUnIvristI, kurUkusLyqr )

khfxIkfr jrnYl isMG

do sLbd

zf[ hrismrn isMG rMDfvf df ieh pypr 24 jnvrI 2006 nUM pMjfbI ivBfg kurUksLyqr XUnIvristI kurUksyLqr dI pMjfbI sfihq sBf vloN krvfey gey prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI sYmInfr ivc piVHaf igaf sI. ies sYmInfr ivc jrnYl isMG pRDfn vjoN aqy ikrpfl isMG pMnUM ivsLysL mihmfn vjoN hfjr sn. ies sYmInfr dy muwK mihmfn sn XUnIvristI dy vfeIs cFslr sLIR afr[ pI[ hUzf. zf[ hrismrn isMG df ieh prcf ies gwl nUM ryKFikq krdf hY ik jrnYl isMG dy khfxI sMgRih tfvrjL dI hr khfxI bhuq mhwqvpUrx hY. AunHF ny kyvl iek khfxI nUM afDfr bxf ky jrnYl isMG dI prvfsI khfxI ivc aqy smuwcI khfxI ivc QF vI insicq kIqI hY. iesy leI ieh pypr bVf mhwqvpUrx hY. mYnUM AumId hY ik 'ilKfrI' dy pfTkF nUM ieh psMd afvygf. --zf: krmjIq isMG

jrnYl isMG nvIN pMjfbI khfxI isrjxf ivwc iek mhwqvpUrn nfm hY| Auh 1981 ivc afpxy pihly khfxI sMgRih mYnUM kI nfl pMjfbI khfxI sMsfr ivc pRvysL kridaF hI crcf ivc af jFdf hY| ies khfxI sMgRih dy afrMB ivc ‘do sLbd’ isrlyK hyT pMjfbI dy pRiswD khfxIkfr ipRM sujfn isMG dy ieh sLbd ‘mYnUM ieh khfxIaF, khfxIaF lwgIaF hn’*1, jrnYl isMG leI pMjfbI khfxI ivc bqOr khfxIkfr dy svfgq vjoN hI nhIN khy gey, blik Aus dIaF khfxIaF dy pfT qoN bfad hr pfTk aijhI hI Dfrnf bxfAuNdf hY| sujfn isMG dy ieh sLbd AudoN hor vI pRmfixk lwgdy hn jdoN asIN jrnYl isMG dy pihly khfxI sMgRih mYnUM kI qoN bfad Aus dy hor khfxI sMgRih pVHdy hF| mYnUM kI khfxI sMgRih AuprMq jrnYl isMG dy mnuwK qy mnuwK (1983),smyN dy hfxI (1987), do tfpU (1999) aqy 2005 ivc pRkfisLq tfvrjL khfxI sMgRih pRfpq huMdy hn| bysLwk jrnYl isMG dIaF khfxIaF bfry crcf Ausdy pihly khfxI sMgRih dy pRkfisLq huMidaF hI hox lgdI hY pr Aus dIaF khfxIaF bfry nvyN isry qoN crcf do tfpU dy pRkfisLq hox nfl afrMB huMdI hY|

do tfpU khfxI sMgRih jrnYl isMG nUM pMjfbI khfxI sMsfr ivc iek ivsLysL pRfpqI vfly khfxIkfr vjoN mfnqf dvfAuNdf hY| do tfpU khfxI sMgRih jrnYl isMG dy khfxI sMsfr df iek ivsLysL moV ibMdU hY| drasl ies khfxI sMgRih ivc pRfpq khfxIaF dI mUl vsqU prvfs hY| pr ieh prvfs jrnYl isMG qoN pUrv pRfpq prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI ivclI mUl vsqU qoN iBMn hY| ieAuN jrnYl isMG df ieh khfxI sMgRih prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI isrjnf dy Aus mfzl nUM qoVdf hY jo prMprf ivc pRfpq huMdf hY| prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI prMprf Aupr Jfq mfiraF ieh gwl spwsLt huMdI hY ik muwZlI prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI df kQf-ibMb ajnbIaq, Eprypn, mfnisk AudryvyN aqy BU-hyrvy vflf sI| aijhI kQf dI isrjxf inrol Bfvuk mfnisk Drfql Aupr hI hoeI imldI hY| ies khfxI ivc afpxI mUl BUmI qoN ivCVx dy duwK df aihsfs eynf gihrf qy qIbr hY ik prvfs dOrfn smUh suwK-afrfm arQhIn jfpdy hn aqy ‘afpxI DrqI’ df moh mno nhIN inkldf | sfzy muwZly prvfsI pMjfbI khfxIkfrF ny aijhy hI kQf-ibMb afpxIaF khfxIaF ivc duhrfAu rUp ivc isrjy hn| ieh Auh khfxIkfr hn jo ‘afpxy dysL’ qoN prvfs leI rvfnf hox lwigaF ieh sMklp lYNdy hn ik prdys ivc pYsf kmf ky vfps prq afAuxf hY| pr vfps prqxf qF iek Brm hI sI ikAuNik mfVI afriQk siQqI nMU suDfrn dI iewCf nfl ivdysL phuMcy ieh lok AuQoN dy suwK afrfm nUM dyK ky afpxy pirvfr nMU vI afpxy kol bulf lYNdy hn aqy ieAuN iek nvyN smfj-siBafcfrk sMkt ivc iGr jFdy hn ikAuNik pwCmI smfj-siBafcfrk vrqfry ivc ijMnI KuLlH hY, pUrvI smfj-siBafcfrk vrqfry ivc EnI hI bMdsL hY| ies leI sMkt KVHf hoxf suBfvk hI sI| pMjfbI pirvfrF dI nvIN pIVHI pwCmI smfj-siBafcfr vflI KulH nUM mfnxf cfhuMdI sI ; aqy kfnMUn vI AunHF dy hwk ivc Bugqx kfrn purfxI pIVHI ies siQqI ivc afpxy afp nUM lfcfr smJdI sI| prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI ivc aijhI siQqI nMU bVy pRmfixk aqy XQfrQk afDfrF ’qy isrijaf hoieaf dyiKaf jf skdf hY| aijhI khfxI ivc ijLafdfqr lokyl ieMglYNz hI bxdf hY| ieAuyN vIhvIN sdI dy pMjvyN qoN sqvyN dhfky dy afs pfs ivdysL phuMcy pMjfbIaF df sMklp qF pYsf kmf ky vfps prqx df sI ies leI AunHF dI khfxI ivc aqIq qoN ivrvy hox aqy BivwK qoN qRihx df qRfsidk ibMb pRfpq huMdf hY| pr ipCly do ZfeI dhfikaF qoN jo lok ivdysL phuMc rhy hn AunHF df mnorQ AuQy hI vwsxf hY aqy vwsx df ieh ruJfn ieMglYNz dy mukfbly amrIkf aqy kYnyzf vDyry hY| ies leI prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI df lokyl amrIkf aqy kYnyzf bxn lgdf hY| aijhI khfxI ivc pRfpq vsqU-siQqI prMprf ivc pRfpq vsqU-siQqI qoN vwKrI hY| ieh khfxI nvIN vsqU-siQqI nUM bVI pRmfixk idRsLtI nfl isrjdI hY| drasl nvIN prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI ivc smwisaf nUM ivsLlysLxI idRsLtI qoN vsqU-siQqI dI qih ivc kfrjsLIl mUl pRyrkF qy kfrkF nUM AuBfiraf jf irhf hY| ies ivc koeI sMdyh nhIN ik muwZlI prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI df afpxf ieiqhfsk mhwqv hY pr hux jo nvIN prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI ilKI jf rhI hY Auh muwK Dfrf dI pMjfbI khfxI qoN iksy vI afDfr ’qy Gwt nhIN khI jf skdI| bysLwk ies khfxI ivc mslf muwK qOr ’qy prvfsI jIvn hI bx irhf hY pr ieh mslf eynf bhu-prqI aqy bhu-pfsfrI rUp ivc isrijaf jf irhf hY ik hr khfxI arQF dy iek nvyN pfsfr nUM AusfrdI njLr afAuNdI hY| hux prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI ivc prvfsI vrqfry nUM inrol Bfvuk Drfql Aupr nhIN isrijaf jf irhf blik ies ivc pUrvI qy pwCmI smfj, siBafcfr aqy pRbMD dI ivhfrkqf ivcoN pRfpq huMdy mfVy-cMgy dovyN hI pwK khfxI isrjxf df afDfr bxdy hn ; jo pfTk dI soJI nUM ivsQfrdy hn |

aijhI soJI ivsQfr vflI khfxI sfnMU pihlI vfr jrnYl isMG dy khfxI sMgRih do tfpU ivc pRfpq huMdI hY| do tfpU qoN pihlF jrnYl isMG dy kQf sMsfr dI vsqU ijQy pMjfb dI inmn iksfnI dIaF aMqr ivroDqfeIaF nUM pysL krn vflI sI AuQy POLjLI jIvn dIaF dusLvfrIaF AusdI khfxI rcnf df afDfr bxIaF sn pr 1988 ’c kYnyzf phuMc ky jrnYl isMG AuQy prvfs dOrfn jo anuBv pRfpq krdf hY Aus nUM afpxI kQf isrjxf dI mUl vsqU vjoN do tfpU ivc isrjdf hY| ies qrHF do tfpU khfxI sMgRih nfl ijQy jrnYl isMG dy khfxI sMsfr ivc ivkfs pRikiraf dyKx nMU imldI hY AuQy ies sMgRih nfl prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI ivc vI ivkfs pRikiraf dy drsLn huMdy hn| ies leI do tfpU khfxI sMgRih df smuwcy pMjfbI sfihqk jgq ivc suafgq hoieaf| asIN hQly prcy dy afrMB ivc ikhf sI ik jrnYl isMG df khfxI sMgRih do tfpU prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI dy Aus mfzl nUM qoVdf hY jo prMprf ivc pRfpq huMdf hY drasl mfzl-BMjn aqy mfzl-isrjx ivc rcnf vsqU, rcnf idRsLtI aqy rcnf ivDI dI pRmfixk qy invyklI hoNd df hoxf jLrUrI huMdf hY| jrnYl isMG dy khfxI sMgRih do tfpU ivc ieh kuJ dyKx nUM imldf hY| ies sMgRih ivc pRfpq khfxIaF ivc prvfs ivc pRfpq pirvfrk irsLiqaF dy QIm nUM kQf dy kyNdr ivc rwK ky aijhIaF siQqIaF nUM isrijaf igaf hY ijs ivc pRiqkUl mfhOl ivc vI mfnv jIvn leI Auicq, pRmfixk aqy sMquilq jIvn muwlF nUM apxfieaf jf sky | mhwqvpUrn gwl ieh hY ik aijhI vsqU siQqI nUM jrnYl isMG ijs sihjqf, suBfivkqf aqy pRmfixkqf nfl glp ibMb ivc Auqfrdf hY Auh AusdI prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI ivc invyklI pRfpqI hY| jrnYl isMG dI pRfpqI ies gwl ivc hY ik AusdI khfxI suqMqr rcnf dI hoNd kfiem rwKx dy bfvjUd smfjk aml dy pRsMg ivc pVHI jf skdI hY|

tfvrjL jrnYl isMG df 2005 ivc pRkfisLq nvF khfxI sMgRih hY| ies khfxI sMgRih dy sfhmxy afAux nfl jrnYl isMG pMjfbI khfxI sMsfr ivc sB qoN awgy inkilaf pCfixaf jf skdf hY| ikAuNik ies sMgRih ivclIaF khfxIaF ivc vsqU siQqI hux prvfsI cyqnf vflI nhIN rhI blik ivsLvI-cyqnf vflI bx geI hY| prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI AuWpr iek ieh ieljLfm hmysLf lgdf irhf ik ies ivc isafsI srokfrF nUM isrijaf nhIN jFdf | tfvrjL khfxI sMgRih dy sfhmxy afAux nfl prvfsI pMjfbI khfxI AWupr lwgf ieh ieljLfm Doqf jFdf hY| ies khfxI sMgRih dI isrlyK-khfxI ‘tfvrjL’ nUM iesdy sbUq vwjoN pysL kIqf jf skdf hY| ieh nf isrPL isafsI pRbMD dI jitl kfrjsLIlqf nUM isrjdI hY blik ies nUM iek ivafpk pirpyK ivc AusfrdI hY| drasl ‘tfvrjL’ khfxI ivc supr-swqf isafsq dy sqfa df pRmfixk ibMb Ausfiraf igaf hY| ikAuNik ies smyN amrIkf supr swqf (SUPER POWER) dy qOr ’qy jfixaf jFdf hY ies leI ies khfxI df lokyl vI amrIkf hY| ies khfxI df muwK afDfr amrIkf ’c 2001 dI igafrF sqMbr dI svyr nUM tfvrjL AuWpr hoieaf hmlf hY ijs nUM sfry ivsLv ivc 9/11 dy duKFq dy nF nfl jfixaf jFdf hY| tfvrjL AuWpr hmly qoN bfad amrIkf ies hmly leI juMmyvfr hmlfvrF dI qlfsL leI pihlF aPLgfinsqfn AuWpr hmlf krdf hY aqy iPr prmfxU hiQafrF nUM lwBx leI eIrfk AuWpr hmlf krdf hY pr nf qF Aus nUM hmlfvr lwBdy hn aqy nf hI prmfxU hiQafrF df pqf lwgdf hY| mhwqvpUrn gwl ieh hY ik ‘tfvrjL’ khfxI ivc ienHF GtnfvF nUM ibafn krnf khfxIkfr df mnorQ nhIN blik ienHF GtnfvF dy afDfr ’qy khfxIkfr supr-swqf isafsq dy sqfa nUM Auysfrdf hY| Auprokq smuwcI vsqU siQqI nUM khfxIkfr ‘tfvrjL’ khfxI ivc khfxI dy kyNdrI pfqr ivlIam QoNpsn dI ismrqI ’coN vfpridaF drsfAyuNdf hY| vYsy qF tfvrjL AuyWqy hmlf mhFsLkqI ’qy hmly df sUck hY pr jdoN khfxIkfr ies tfvrjL AyuWqy hoey hmly ivc ivlIam dI DI stysI nUM miraf drsfAuyNdf hY qF ies siQqI dy arQ bdl jFdy hn| ies hmly ivc DI df mrnf iewjLq dy luwty jfx df pRqIk hY aqy iPr eIrfk AuWpr hmly dOrfn ivlIam dy jvfn puwqr zYins dy guafc jfx aqy bfad ivc Ausdy mrn dI sUcnf vflI siQqI vI ivsLysL arQF ivc isrjI geI hY| zYins df mrnf rwiKak dy mrn dI pRqIk isrjxf hY| ieAuN khfxIkfr ivlIam dy DI-puwqr nUM miraf drsf ky iewjq dy luwty jfx aqy rwiKak dy mfry jfx dy sMklp nUM isrjdf hY |

khfxIkfr jrnYl isMG ies smuwcI vsqU siQqI nUM khfxI ivc ijs ivDI aqy idRsLtI nfl Auysfrdf hY Auys nfl ieh khfxI hor vI arQ pUrn ho jFdI hY| khfxI dy afrMB ivc ivlIam nUM Gor ivsLfd aqy inrfsLf dI siQqI ivc drsfieaf igaf hY ikAuNik AusdI DI tfvrjL AuWqy hoey hmly ivc mfrI geI hY aqy puwqr eIrfk ivc PLOjLI kfrvfeI dOrfn guafc igaf hY| ies leI Ausdy sLfndfr kMzoimnIam-iblizMg ivc Kloqy hox dy bfvjUd afpxy afs pfs ‘KMzrfq aqy bIafbfn’ hI njLr afAuNdy hn| pr DI dy mfry jfx aqy puwqr dy guafc jfx df pRsMg khfxIkfr iek dm nhIN isrjdf blik ivlIam dI mno-siQqI ’coN afihsqf afihsqf Auysfrdf hY| ies pRsMg nUM isrjx dOrfn siQqI dI gMBIrqf nUM ivsLlysLxI idRsLtI nfl Aysfrdf hY| amrIkI srkfr dy guxgfx gfAux vfly ivlIam df jvfn puwqr zYins jdoN eIrfk dI jMg ivc guafc jFdf hY qF Auh bVy ihrKL nfl kihMdf hY :

“myry dysL dIey blvfn srkfry ! ikQy hY sfzf zYins ? sfzy ijgr df totf -----eyny idn ho gey awj qwk lwBf ikAuN nhIN ? ikwzf ku vwzf kMm hY ieh ? kI Ayus nfl qYnUM eynf ku mqlb sI ?” *2

amrIkI srkfr dI isafsq dy aslI cirwqr nUM khfxIkfr ny iviBMn pfqrF dI afpsI vfrqflfp, tI vI cYnlF ’qy afAuNdIaF KLbrF aqy huMdI bihs ivcoN isrijaf hY| ies smuwcI vsqU siQqI ’coN khfxIkfr supr swqf isafsq dy dUhry cirwqr nUM AuBfrdf hY| ivlIam jo afrMB ivc amrIkI isafsq df BrpUr hmfieqI drsfieaf igaf hY jdoN AusnUM ies isafsq df syk bwicaF dy Kus jfx dy rUp ivc lwgdf hY qF Ausdf mn nPLrq nfl Br jFdf hY | aijhI vsqU siQqI nUM khfxIkfr ny ieAuN sfkfr kIqf hY :

“myry pfs tihl rhy lok gwlF kr rhy hn,‘pRYjIzYNt df jhfj ey| jfrj busL qy tonI blyar ierfk jMg dI ijwq dy jsLn mnfAuNdy
rfjDfnI vfisLMgtn qoN inAUXfrk afey hn. jhfj vwl qwkidaF myrIaF awKF bl AuTIaF ny | muwTF mIcIaFu geIaF ny| myry aMdr qUPLfn Juwl pNYdf ey|”3*

jF

“ kfhnMU ihsfb idMdy ny ieh hfkm| sfzy vrgy bYiTaF-swuiqaF nUM BugqxIaF pY jFdIaF ny| hfkmF df kI igaf? AunHF afpxy qfj cmkf ley-----”*4

mhwqvpUrn gwl ieh hY ik ivlIam dI ieh mfniskqf AudoN bxdI hY jdoN Ausdf puwqr zYins jMg ivc guafc jFdf hY| stysI dI mOq qoN bfad vI Auh amrIkI srkfr df hmfieqI hI rihMdf hY| ijvyN eIrfkI mUl df amrIkn abduwl hmydI jdoN ivlIam nUM ieh dwsdf hY ik Ausdy Brf dy pirvfr nMU amrIkI PLOjF dy bMbF ny PLnfh kr idwqf hY qF ivlIam df jvfb bVf ajIb lgdf hY pr ies jvfb ivc amrIkI srkfr dI nIqI vI njLr afAuNdI hY :

“abdwul ! qyry Brf df sfnUM duwK ey| pr kIqf kI jfey lokIN iswDy vI eydF hI huMdy af |”*5

pr iehI ivlIam jdoN ies jMg ivc afpxf puwqr Kuhf bYTdf hY qF abduwl nfl hmdrdI ienHF sLbdF ivc krdf hY :

“qyry Brf qy Ausdy pirvfr dI mOq df bVf aPLsos ey| sfzI hmdrdI kbUl krIN|”*6

amrIkf dI isafsI nIqI dy dUhry cirwqr df AuBfr khfxIkfr tI[ vI[ ’qy af rhIaF KLbrF aqy abduwl dI gwlbfq ivcoN AuyBfrdf hY| aPgfinsqfn aqy eIrfk AuWqy hmlf krky amrIkf ijnHF nMU PVHxf cfhuMdf hY AunHF nUM pihlF qfkqvr bxfAux df kfrj vI Auh afp krdf hY| iesdy sMkyq khfxI ivc QF pr QF imldy hn| nqIjy vwjoN aijhI isafsq df syk afm amrIkI jnqf nUM vI sihxf pYNdf hY| ies leI hI asIN ies khfxI df mUl sUqr supr swqf isafsq df sqfa ikhf hY|

‘tfvrjL’ khfxI dy aMq AuWqy jo vsqU siQqI pysL kIqI geI hY Aus nfl ies khfxI df QIm hor vI ivsLfl ho jFdf hY| khfxI dy aMq qoN pihlF ivlIam dI pqnI nUM ‘nfeIn ielYvn mYmorIal kmytI’ dI mIitMg ’qy gey hoey idKfAux qoN bfad ivlIam df pRYjIzYNt busL dy jhfj nMU vyK ky awKF df blL AuTxf idKfAuxf aqy iPr Ausdf aYtlFitk mhFsfgr vwl vyK ky sLFq huMdy idKfAyxf ies gwl dI sUcnf hY ik khfxIkfr ivlIam dI inrfsLf qy nPLrq nUM afsLf aqy ipafr ivc vtf irhf hY| smuwcI khfxI dy ibrqFq ivc khfxIkfr df ivlIam, stysI aqy zYins df aYtlFitk mhFsfgr nUM dyK ky skUn imldy drsfAuxf pRikrqI dI ivsLflqf, mhfnqf aqy gqIsLIlqf df sUck hY| ies qrHF ijwQy tfvrjL mnuwK isrijq ahMkfr, KVoq aqy idKfvy dI ijLMdgI dy arQ dI pysLkfrI krdy hn AuQy smuMdrI lihrF jIvn dI gqIsLIlqf df ichn bxdIaF hn| mhwqvpUrn gwl ieh hY ik khfxIkfr ny khfxI dy ibrqFq ivc keI aijhIaF siQqIaF dI isrjxf kIqI hY ijnHF dy ichnI arQ inkldy hn | imsfl dy qOr ’qy khfxIkfr ny ivlIam df Gr ijs sQfn ’qy siQq drsfieaf hY Ausdy sfhmxy vfly pfsy smuwcf inAUXfrk sLihr hY aqy ipCly pfsy ipCFh ht ky aYtlFitk mhFsfgr hY | ivlIam, stysI aqy zYins jd kdI afpxI ijMLdgI ivc AudfsI jF ‘jOb-strYWs’ ’c huMdy hn qF Auh afpxy Gr dI ipCly pfsy dI iKVkI KolH ky aYtlFitk mhFsfgr nUM dyK ky ‘qfjLf-dm’ mihsUs krdy hn | ieAuN sLihr jo ik mfnvI ivkfs aqy sMsikRqI df ichn hY, ivlIam aqy hor pfqrF df ies ivc rihMidaF ‘strYWs’ ivc mihsUs krnf aqy aYtlFitk mhFsfgr jo ik pRfikRiqk ivsLflqf aqy gqIsLIlqf df ichn hY ies vwl vyK ky qfjLf-dm hox dI siQqI nUM khfxIkfr ny bVy socy smJy arQF ivc pysL kIqf hY |afpxy ivkfs leI mnuwK ny ijMnf pRikRqI df ivnfsL kIqf hY Aus nfl Aus dI bycYnI vDI hI hY | asl KusLI pRfikRiqk ivsLflqf nUM mfxn ivc hI hY jo mnuwK nUM mfnisk KusLI dy nfl nfl hor sB kuJ vI pRdfn krdI hY |

ieAuN ieh khfxI ivsLv cyqnf dy sMklp dy Ausfr vflI bxdI hY| pMjfbI ivc aijhI khfxI df pRfpq hoxf iek mfx vflI gwl hY| ies khfxI nUM pVHdy smyN ies ivcoN isrP ies leI prvfsI cyqnf jF sMvydnf jF idRsLtI dy arQ qlfsLxf ikAuNik ieh khfxI iek prvfsI lyKk dI hY, ies khfxI nUM kuJ ivsLysL sImfvF ivc hI prKx dy brfbr hovygf | sfzI ieh Dfrnf hY ik jykr ieh khfxI iksy amrIkn lyKk vwloN ilKI geI huMdI qF hux qwk ies khfxI dI crcf nobl pRfeIjL leI ivsLv pwDr ’qy qur pYxI sI| drasl ies khfxI ivc khfxIkfr jrnYl isMG ny Aus amrIkI avcyqn nUM pysL kIqf hY jo 9/11 dI Gtnf qoN bfad dihsLqjLdf hY | aKLbfrF, mYgjLInF aqy iviBMn tI[ vI[ cYnlF ’qy amrIkf dy afm lokF df amrIkI pRsLfsn dIaF nIqIaF df ivroD krdy idKfAuxf aqy afpxy afpnUM zr ivc rihMdy hoey dwsxf ies gwl df sbUq hY ik afm amrIkn afpxI srkfr dIaF nIqIaF qoN duKI hY| jrnYl isMG ny iesy hI amrIkI avcyqn nUM afpxI khfxI ‘tfvrjL’ ivc pysL kIqf hY|

asIN afpxy prcy df afrMB ipMRsIpl sujfn isMG dy jrnYl isMG bfry khy kQnF qoN kIqf sI aqy ies prcy dI smfpqI vI ipMRsIpl sujfn isMG dI kIqI Aus BivwKbfxI nfl krnf cfhFgy jo shI sfbq hoeI hY ik, “ jrnYl isMG ivc mYnUM BivwK df iek hoxhfr khfxIkfr njLr afAuNdf hY|”*7 swc-muwc jrnYl isMG ies smyN afpxI khfxI ‘tfvrjL’ sdkf pMjfbI khfxI df jrnYl hY |

** rIzr , pMjfbI ivBfg, kurUkusLyqr XUnIvristI, kurUkusLyqr |

hvfly aqy itwpxIaF
1 jrnYl isMG, mYnUM kI, dIpk pbilsLrjL, jlMDr, 1981, pMnf-7[
2 AuhI, tfvrj,L cyqnf pRkfsLn, luiDafxf, 2005, pMnf-15[
3 AuhI, pMnf-33[
4 AuhI, pMnf-17[
5 AuhI, pMnf-16[
6 AuhI, pMnf-32[
7 AhI, mYnUM kI, pMnf-7

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(1 aprYl 2006)

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