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Likhari

sqMMbr igafrF nUM amrIkf ivwc vfprIaF dihÈqvfdI GtnfvF ny dunIaF Br ivwc lokF dy jIvn Aupr anykF asr pfey hn, Kfs kr amrIkf aqy knyzf ivwc. ienHF ivwcoN kuJ asr qF POrI iksm dy hn. ijnHF lokF dy imwqr ipafry izwgIaF iemfrqF dy mlHby ivc dwby gey AunHF dy jIvn sdf sdf leI bdl gey. Gtnf dy pihly kuJ idn lokF df afAuxf jfxf ruikaf irhf. icwty lokF qoN vwKry idsdy avfsIaF aqy AunHF dy Drm asQfnF Aupr hmly hoey aqy kuJ lokF nUM kql krn qwk dIaF vfrdfqF hoeIaF. vwKry vwKry KyqrF ivwc anykF lokF dIaF nOkrIaF jFdIaF rhIaF. pr ies Gtnf dy keI asr lMmf smF rihx vfly vI hn. gYr-icwty mulkF qoN afey hoey avfsI lok ienHF asrF dI mfr hyT Kfs qOr 'qy afAuxgy. BfvyN ieh sB kuJ amrIkf ivwc vfpiraf hY pr iesdf iswDf asr knyzf dy lokF Aupr vI ipaf hY. knyzf ivwc vsdy gYr-icwty lokF vfsqy ies Gtnf ny bhuq sfry nvyN purfxy iPkrF nUM jnm idwqf hY. ies hQly lyK ivwc asIN knyzf vsx vfly gYr-icwty lokF dy jIvn Aupr pYx vfly asrF bfry ivcfr vtFdrf krFgy.

knyzf ivwc vsx vfly gYr-icwty lokF vwloN hux qwk kIqIaF jwdo-jihdF dy iswty vjoN AunHF ny eyQoN dy smfj ivwc afpxy vfsqy iewk iewËqdfr QF bxfAuxI ÈurU kr idwqI sI. pr amrIkf ivwc vfprI ies Gtnf ny AunHF awgy keI aijhy pRÈn dubfrf ilaf KVHy kIqy hn ijnHF bfry Auh kuwJ kuwJ byiPkr ho rhy sn. afAux vfly smyN dOrfn gYr-icwty lokF Aupr ies iksm dy asr pYxgy: nslvfd ivwc vfDf; iemIgryÈn aqy riPAUjIaF dy kfnUMnF ivwc sKqI; afm ÈihrI afËfdIaF df Korf.

nslvfd ivwc vfDf:

ies Gtnf dy asr vjoN nslvfd ny nvyN rUp ivwc isr cuwikaf hY. ipCly kuJ hPiqaF dOrfn hr pfsy nslvfdI GtnfvF vDIaF hn. ryzIAu hft lfeInF aqy ipRMt mIzIey ivwc nslvfdI lok hux KuwlH ky afpxy Auh ivcfr pyÈ kr rhy hn ijhVy kuJ smF pihlF AunHF leI sMBv nhIN sn. jdoN nslvfd df ies iksm df Ëfhrf qOr 'qy ivKfvf huMdf hY qF bhuq kuJ cuwp cupIqy vI huMdf hY ijs df asr lMmy smyN leI rihMdf hY. Ëfhrf nslvfd qF roikaf jf skdf hY aqy roikaf jfvygf vI pr ies nfl cuwp cfp qy aMdr Kfqy hox vfly nslvfd ivcly vfDy nUM nf qF eyny sOKy qrIky nfl dyiKaf jf skdf hY qy nf hI Kqm kIqf jf skdf hY. ieh nslvfd lokF nfl kMmF kfrF 'qy hovygf, srkfrI gYr-srkfrI adfiraF ivwc hovygf, skUlF kfljF ivwc hovygf, storF 'c hovygf, eyarportF 'qy hovygf, bfzrF 'qy hovygf. ies sfry vrqfry nUM jfnx smJx leI sfnUM pihlF nfloN vwD cyqn hoxf pvygf.

nslvfd dy sMbMD ivwc ijhVI sB qoN vwD Kqrnfk gwl hox dI sMBfvnf hY Auh hY ryÈIal proPfieilMg. iesdf arQ ieh hovygf ik kuJ lokF Aupr rMg aqy nYx nkÈF dy afDfr 'qy hI gunfhgfr hox dI Èwk kIqI jf skygI. iswty vjoN quhfnUM hr jgHf afpxy afp nUM byksUr sfbq krnf ipaf krygf. ies nfl iek ivakqI vwloN kIqy iksy Ëurm dy nqIjy vjoN pUry dy pUry BfeIcfry nUM aprfDI dy qOr dyKy jfx df Kqrf hY. ies qrHF dI ryÈIal pRoPfeIilMg keI hflqF ivc rMgdfr BfeIcfiraF leI bVy mfrU nqIjy kwZ skdI hY. knyzf dy ieiqhfs ivc ies dI iek Audfhrx dUjI sMsfr jMg smyN jfpfnI mUl dI sfrI vsoN nUM kMnsntRyÈn kYNpF ivc kYd kr dyxf hY. ies Gtnf nfl ijwQy jfpfnI mUl dy lokF nUM Gor duwK AuTfAuxy pey, AuQy ieh Gtnf knyzf dy ieiqhfs dI iek Èrmnfk Gtnf hY.

ies pfsy qurdI gwl ÈnfKqI kfrzF qwk vI jf skdI hY. ies df bVf Kqrnfk iswtf hovygf. ies ivwc koeI Èwk nhIN ik hux vI sfnUM bhuq sfry QfvF 'qy ÈnfKqI kfrz idKfAuxy pYNdy hn. Audfhrx vjoN, keI vfr koeI vsq KRIdx smyN gfhk koloN ÈnfKq dy qOr Auqy afpxf lfiesYNs idKfAux dI mMg kIqI jFdI hY. aijhI hflq ivc jy gfhk lfiesYNs jF hor koeI afeI zI nf idKf sky qF vwD qoN vwD ieh huMdf hY ik Auh vsq nhIN KRId skdf. pr jy gwl ÈnfKqI kfrzF qwk cly geI qF quhfzy kol ieh nf hox dI hflq ivwc quhfnUM igRPqfr vI kIqf jf skygf. aqy ieh gwl vI sfnUM BuwlxI nhIN cfhIdI ik afeI zI kfrz dI puwC-igwC aDIn iËafdfqr "ivdyÈI jfpdy" rMgdfr lok hI hoxgy. knyzf ivwc aijhI gwl hoxI BfvyN sMBv nhIN jfpdI pr keI kuJ jo sikAUrtI dy nFa 'qy hux ho irhf hY ies dI vI pihlF iks nUM afs sI.

iemIgryÈn aqy riPAUjIaF dy kfnUMnF ivwc sKqI:

dihÈvfdI Gtnf dy pihly plF qoN hI ies bfry huMdy ivcfr vtFdry ivwc swB qoN vwD nËlf iemIgrYNt aqy riPAUjIaF Aupr JfiVaf igaf hY. smwisaf nUM ies qrHF pyÈ kIqf igaf hY ik ies sfrI bImfrI dI jVH isrP qy isrP iemIgrYNt qy riPAUjI hn. ijs qrHF ieh Dfrnf pyÈ kIqI jf rhI hY Aus qoN aiswDy rUp ivc ieh pRBfv pYNdf hY ik knyzf aqy pwCm dy hor dyÈF ivc rihx vflf hr rMgdfr avfsI aqy riPAUjI dihÈqvfdI hY. AuNJ knyzf aqy pwCmI dyÈF ivc ieh gwl pihlI vfrI nhIN ho rhI. jdoN vI iehnF mulkF Auqy koeI sMkt afAuNdf irhf hY, swB qoN pihlF AuNgl avfsIaF Auqy AuTfeI jFdI rhI hY. Audfhrx leI, byruËgfrI vDx Auqy ikhf jFdf irhf hY ik byruËgfrI vDx df kfrn avfsI hn. Ëurm vDx Auqy vI doÈ avfsIaF Auqy Dr idwqf jFdf hY. ies gwl qoN isrP iek hI arQ kwiZaf jf skdf hY ik ajy vI knyzIan aqy hor keI pwCmI dyÈF dI acyq socxI ivc rMgdfr avfsIaF nUM brfbr dy nfgirk nhIN smiJaf jFdf. aijhI acyq jF sucyq soc ieQy rMgdfr avfsIaF dy jIvn Auqy gMBIr asr pf skdI hY. aijhI soc iemIgryÈn dy kfnUMnF ivc sKqI kr skdI hY. iemIgryÈn dy sMbMD ivc isikAUrtI mËbUq krn leI cuwky jf rhy kdm knyzf ivc rMgdfr avfsIaF dy afAux leI rok bx skdy hn. isrP eynf hI nhIN iemIgryÈn dy sMbMD ivc ies qrHF dIaF gwlF kIqIaF jF krn leI suJfeIaF jf rhIaF hn, ijhnF nfl ieQy af cuwky avfsIaF nUM dyÈoN bfhr kwZxf soKf ho jfvy. Audfhrx leI, amrIkf ivc ies qrHF dy kfnUMn bxfAux dy suJfAu idwqy jf rhy hn ijhnF nfl iemIgryÈn vfilaF nUM aijhy aiDkfr imlx ik Auh avfsIaF nUM, kfnUMnI avfsIaF smyq, ibnF sbUq pyÈ kIiqaF aximwQy smyN leI ihrfsq ivc rwK skx aqy avfsIaF vwloN aijhI ihrfsq dy kfnUMnI afDfr nUM cuxOqI dyx dy hwk nUM kmËor kr idwqf jfvy. ijs qrHF hflfq hn, AusqoN ieh vI sMBv ho skdf hY ik knyzf ivc vI ies qrHF dy kfnUMn bxfAux vfl kdm cuwky jfx.

afm ÈihrI afËfdIaF df Korf:

ies Gtnf dy asr vjoN lokF nUM pRfpq bhuq sfrIaF ÈihrI afËfdIaF nUM Korf lwgx dI sMBfvnf hY. byÈwk ieh aËfdIaF knyzf dy sfry nfgirkF leI mhwqvpUrn hn pr iehnF dI loV Gwt igxqI aqy sfDfrx lokF nUM vDyry huMdI hY. ies leI ÈihrI afËfdIaF dy Kory dI mfr Qwly gYr-icwty Gwt igxqI lok ivÈyÈ krky afAuxgy. Audfhrx leI knyzf vrgy jmhUrIaq vfly dyÈ dIaF ÈihrI afËfdIaF ivwc iek gwl ieh hY ik iksy ivakqI nUM AunI dyr qwk byksUr smiJaf jFdf hY, ijMnI dyr qwk Aus ivruwD doÈ sfbq nf ho jfvy. ies dy nfl nfl srkfrI eyjMsIaF vwloN ibnF iksy Tos kfrn dy lokF dI qlfÈI nhIN leI jFdI. pr ijs qrHF pihlF ivcfiraf igaf hY ik sikAUrtI dy nFa 'qy Auh quhfnUM quhfzI nsl dy afDfr 'qy hI ksUrvfr smJ skdy hn. ieh quhfzIaF ÈihrI aËfdIaF Aupr iswDf hmlf hovygf.
ienHF bdlIaF siQqIaF ivwc sfnUM kI krnf cfhIdf hY?

Aupr kIqI gwlbfq qoN sfP hY ik asIN muwK qOr 'qy AunHF hwkF aqy afËfdIaF dI gwl kr rhy hF jo asIN knyzf ivwc mfxdy hF. knyzf dy smfj dIaF ieh Auh gwlF hn jo ies nMU dunIaF dy hor smfjF nfloN byhqr bxfAuNdIaF hn. aijhy smyN ieh ËrUrI hY ik asIN knyzf dy ipCokV vwl Jfq mfrIey qy ies gwl nUM Xfd krIey ik ieh hwk qy afËfdIaF eyQoN dI hfkm jmfq ny afpxy afp lokF nUM nhIN idwqIaF, sgoN lokF vwloN lMmIaF jwdo-jihdF nfl ijwqIaF hoeIaF hn. ijs qrHF mËdUr jmfq vwloN jQybMd ho ky afpxy vfsqy kMm dIaF hflqF aqy qnKfhF ivwc ijwqy hoey bhuq sfry hwk ipCly smyN dOrfn afriQk mMdhfilaF dy nFa Qwly hOlI hOlI Kory jf rhy hn iesy qrHF dihÈqvfdI GtnfvF nUM bhfnf bxf ky lokF dy ÈihrI afËfdIaF dy hwk vI Kohy jf skdy hn.

ies smfj dy bhuq sfry lok Aupr ivcfry zrF qoN sfvDfn hn. ieh Auh lok hn jo ivÈvIkrn vrgy mnuwKqf ivroDI vrqfry dI pRqIbwDqf nfl ivroDqf krdy af rhy hn. ieh lok hux vI avysly nhIN bYTy hoey. ijs idn df pRDfn buwÈ jMg df rOlf pf irhf hY ieh lok Ausy idn dy Aus dy ienHF mnsUibaF ivruwD lokF nUM cyqn kr rhy hn. hr inwky vwzy Èihr ivwc Ausy idn dy ivKfvy qy mfrc ho rhy hn, BfvyN muwK Dfrf mIzIey ivc ies nUM bhuq Gwt idKfieaf jFdf hY. muwK Dfrf mIzIey ivc ienHF dI AudoN hI gwl kIqI jFdI hY jdoN ienHF ivKfivaF Aupr iksy iksm dI koeI ihMsk Gtnf vfpr jfvy. mIzIey dIaF aijhIaF cflF ienHF lokF dy ierfidaF nUM kdy KuMZf nhIN krdIaF. ies smfj dy jfgdy isrF vfly ieh lok lgfqfr lokF nUM sunyhf dy rhy hn ik dihÈqvfd jMg nfl jF dUjy lokF Aupr lgfqfr bMb iswtx nfl kdy Kqm nhIN huMdf. iesdI swB qoN vwzI Audfhrx iesrfeIl dyKI jf skdI hY jo ipCly keI dhfikaF qoN lgfqfr dihÈqvfd df jvfb bMbF nfl dy irhf hY pr afpxy mksd ivwc kdy kfmXfb nhIN huMdf.

sfzy BfeIcfry aqy hor rMgdfr lokF Aupr pY skx vfly nFh-pwKI asrF nUM rokx leI loV hY ik asIN jMg dy ivroD ivc AuT rhI pRogrYisv lihr df ihwsf bxIey. knyzf ivcly sfzy ieiqhfs ivc sfzy BfeIcfry vwloN knyzf dy pRogrYisv lokF nfl imlky jwdo-jihd krn dI iek ÈfnfmwqI rvfieq hY. awj sfnUM ies rvfieq nUM muV surjIq krn dI loV hY. jy asIN ies lihr df aMg bxFgy qF sfzy Auqy BIV pYx smyN ies lihr dy lok sfzy nfl af ky KVngy. Audfhrx leI 1940ivaF ivc bI sI dIaF imwlF ivc bx rhI XUnIan afeI zbilAU ey nUM jQybMd krn vfilaF ivc drÈn isMG knyzIan ny iek mhwqvpUrn rol adf kIqf sI. drÈn isMG aqy kimAUintI dy hor lokF dy mËdUr lihr nfl nyVy dy irÈqy kfrn sfzy BfeIcfry vwloN knyzf ivc vot df hwk lYx leI cldI jwdo-jihd ivc Aus smyN afeI zbilAU ey aqy hor mËdUr jQybMdIaF ny sfzy BfeIcfry df ztvF sfQ idwqf sI.

afpxy ies qrHF dy ieiqhfs nUM iDafn ivc rwKidaF ieh hI ikhf jf skdf hY ik awj vI sfzy ihq jMg ivroDI pRogrYisv lihr df ihwsf bxn ivc hn. sfnUM ieh gwl smJ lYxI cfhIdI hY ik asIN iekwly nhIN hF, sfzy nfl ies smfj df kfPI vwzf ihwsf hY jF ho skdf hY. sfzI loV hY ik asIN ienHF jwdo-jihdF df, ienHF lihrF df ihwsf bxIey. jy sfzy 'qy ies krky nslI hmlf huMdf hY ik sfzI pwg Ausfmf ibn lfidn vrgI lwgdI hY qF iesdf hwl ies gwl ivc nhIN ik asIN pwg vwKrI qrHF dI bMnHxI ÈurU kr deIey. ies df aslI hwl ies gwl ivc hY ik asIN dUjy lokF nfl iml ky aijhI afvfË AuTfeIey ik iksy nslvfdI df iksy vI iksm dI pwg vfly Aupr hwQ cuwkx df kdy hONslf nf pvy.

(ieMtrnYÈnl pMjfbI PIcr srivs)

lyK hor vI vyKo:

kI jMg dihÈqvfd df hwl hY?
sqMbr 11 dy Gwt igxqIaF 'qy pYx vfly asr?
jMg aqy mIzIaf